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The spatial pattern of Scirpus mariqueter expansion and the associated mechanism of self-organization using unmanned aerial vehicles and its significance for coastal wetland restoration

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Abstract

Understanding the spatial expansion process of salt marshes and quantifying the factors driving this expansion are crucial for the management and restoration of coastal wetlands. In this study, we aimed to illustrate the expansion process of Scirpus mariqueter using drone remote sensing and quantify its relationship with habitat quality. Our hypothesis was that landscape metrics could serve as valuable indicators for prioritizing habitat restoration efforts along the coast. We utilized drone remote sensing and adopted the simple Greenness Index to reflect the growth status of S. mariqueter. Using this index, we computed the standard deviation ellipse and growth center. To evaluate habitat quality, we developed a method based on our previous research and other relevant reports. We then conducted a quantitative analysis of the expansion process of S. mariqueter in areas with varying habitat quality. We found that S. mariqueter’s optimal elevation was 3.7 m, with a range of 2.5 to 4.3 m. The threshold value for soil total nitrogen was 0.3 g/kg, and the tolerance threshold for soil salinity was 2500 ppm. These three factors, elevation, soil total nitrogen, and soil salinity, collectively influenced habitat quality, with weights of 0.68, 0.23, and 0.09, respectively, as determined through geodetector analysis. During the summer, we observed a dominance of dispersal in S. mariqueter, with the species primarily spreading to areas with increased habitat quality. Patch shapes tended to be compact and regular in this season. In contrast, during the autumn, a dominance of decline was observed, with S. mariqueter mainly distributing to areas exhibiting decreased habitat quality. Patch shapes tended to be complex and irregular in the autumn season. Eventually micro-geomorphic modification and patch shape filling methods based on UAV observations are proposed to aid wetland restoration. These findings are of utmost importance for the restoration of coastal wetlands and the enhancement of ecosystem resilience.

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Funding

This work is sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0506002), the Natural Science Foundation of China (31872695), and funding from the Oceanography Administration of Shanghai (HHK-2022–03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Guoning Gong, Shubo Fang, Meihua Gao, Bolun Zhang, Shengle Zhang, Gaoru Li & Peimin He

  2. Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Guoning Gong, Shubo Fang, Meihua Gao, Bolun Zhang, Shengle Zhang, Gaoru Li & Peimin He

  3. Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida/ IFAS/West Florida Research and Education Center, Milton, FL, 32583, USA

    Shubo Fang, Matthew J. Deitch & Tesfay G. Gebremicael

  4. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China

    Bolun Zhang

Authors
  1. Guoning Gong
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  2. Shubo Fang
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  3. Meihua Gao
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  4. Bolun Zhang
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  5. Shengle Zhang
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  6. Gaoru Li
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  7. Peimin He
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  8. Matthew J. Deitch
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  9. Tesfay G. Gebremicael
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Guoning Gong conducted the data analysis, software operation, and wrote the original draft of the manuscript. Shubo Fang provided guidance and made revisions to the original draft, while also providing financial support. Material preparations were performed by Meihua Gao and Bolun Zhang. Data collections were performed by Shengle Zhang, Gaoru Li, and Li Yaru. Peimin He, Matthew J. Deitch, and Tesfay G. Gebremicael provided ideas for the draft and revised the manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shubo Fang.

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Gong, G., Fang, S., Gao, M. et al. The spatial pattern of Scirpus mariqueter expansion and the associated mechanism of self-organization using unmanned aerial vehicles and its significance for coastal wetland restoration. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1537 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12103-x

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