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Deep eutectic solvent-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbents for methylene blue adsorption

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Abstract

This study evaluated the adsorptive properties of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbents for methylene blue removal. The adsorbents were prepared at a ratio of 1:2 at 80°C to form P1:D2@80°C, at 25°C to form P1:D2@25°C and without DES to form dry sludge (DS). The adsorbent samples were characterized for surface functional groups, textural properties and surface morphology. The values of specific area were 534, 236 and 184 m2/g, respectively. Batch adsorption of methylene blue at varying concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and temperature was performed. The maximum adsorption capacities by Sips model were recorded as 72.07, 56.18 and 48.33 mg/g for P1:D2@80°C, P1:D2@25°C and DS, respectively. P1:D2@80°C displayed the highest rate constant (Ks = 0.0037 g/mg.min). The adsorption data were well fitted into Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, suggesting that the adsorption is a physical process onto heterogeneous adsorbent surface via pore filling and electrostatic attraction. The adsorption was spontaneous, feasible and exothermic with decreased disorderliness in the solid-bulk solution interface. The DES-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbent is a promising alternative adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge the role and support of Avara Ikenna Nnamdi, Dr. Olugbemide Akinola David, Chemical Engineering laboratory and Chemistry laboratory of Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria

    Oluwadayo Asokogene Francis

  2. Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini

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Francis, O.A., Zaini, M.A.A. Deep eutectic solvent-treated palm oil mill sludge adsorbents for methylene blue adsorption. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1356 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11925-z

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