Abstract
The first study related to the characteristics of the riverine litter was carried out at the mouth of the Cimandiri River in the southern West Java to provide a national database, as mandated in the Indonesian Presidential Regulation 83/2018 concerning the handling of marine debris. We examined floating riverine litter entering the South Java Sea at Cimandiri River outlets four times between December 2020 and October 2021 using a Thomsea 1 T trawl-net. The amount of litter collected tended to rise throughout the sampling period. Daily floating riverine litter released into the South Java Sea was estimated to be 285,931 ± 133.70 items or 307 ± 192.69 kg. Our monitoring data revealed no sampling period differences in litter release into the South Java Sea with no correlation with rainfall. Our data indicate that plastics are the most single abundant type of floating riverine litter entering the South Java Sea from the Cimandiri River, accounting for 99.92% of abundance (285,701 ± 133,464.75 items per day) or 97.78% in terms of weight (300 ± 181.99 kg per day) of the total litter collected. As the Cimandiri River is one of the major rivers with an outlet in the south of Java, this land-derived litter information could be an archetype for riverine ecosystems in the nation and region.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank fishers and waste collectors for field supports. We appreciate everyone who assisted in the development of this article. We extend our gratitude to the editor and reviewers for their insightful feedback and invaluable contributions that have undoubtedly enhanced the quality of our manuscript.
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This research project was funded by the International Cooperation program (Science et Impact) managed by Institut Français d’Indonésie entitled “Ocean Kita: Campagne d’échantillonnages et analyse des plastiques collectés en milieu aquatique”.
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Muhammad Reza Cordova wrote the main manuscript, did the formal analysis, and supervised the research. Muhammad Reza Cordova, Nicolas Bernier, Deny Yogaswara, Riyana Subandi, Singgih Prasetyo Adi Wibowo, Muhammad Taufik Kaisupy, and Jeanette Haulussy contributed to the design and implementation of the research and the field sampling. Jeanette Haulussy and Nicolas Bernier with Muhammad Reza Cordova did the funding and project acquisition. Muhammad Reza Cordova is the main contributor to this manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
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Cordova, M.R., Bernier, N., Yogaswara, D. et al. Land-derived litter load to the Indian Ocean: a case study in the Cimandiri River, southern West Java, Indonesia. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1251 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11831-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11831-4