Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mt. Apo Biotic Index (MABI): a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for assessing stream biotic integrity of wadeable streams within a geothermal production field in Mindanao, Philippines

  • Research
  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Monitoring the ecological integrity of streams is a challenge, especially in the tropics, which experience high rates of degradation. Multimetric scoring systems have been widely used in other countries in evaluating current stream conditions; however, it has never been done in the Philippines. This study focuses on the development of a benthic macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for the overall assessment of streams in Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippines. The index was used to develop existing physicochemical and biological data obtained during 2010 to 2015 surveys from 15 monitoring sites within the Mt. Apo Geothermal Project (MAGP). Metrics related to benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, richness, composition, functional habit groups, functional feeding groups, and pollution tolerance were screened for their range, temporal stability, sensitivity, discrimination efficiency (DE), redundancy, and responsiveness to anthropogenic impacts. The resulting multimetric index, the Mt. Apo Biotic Index (MABI), is computed as the sum of the individual metric scores after metric transformation using the discrete scoring method DRQ1 (D = discrete, R = reference, Q1 = 25th percentile) of the six core metrics: (1) number of Coleoptera individuals (abundance), (2) number of taxa (richness); (3) [%] Coleoptera taxa (composition), (4) number of sprawler individuals (functional habit group), (5) [%] collector-filterer taxa (functional feeding group), and (6) the Biological Monitoring Working Party Thai version (BMWP-Thai; pollution tolerance). MABI scores were classified into five condition ratings of stream biotic integrity: very poor (6 to 10), poor (11 to 15), fair (16 to 20), good (21 to 25), and excellent (26 to 30). The study demonstrated that the resulting pilot index may provide useful information that will benefit policymakers and resource managers in formulating more comprehensive stream management approaches and conservation plans for priority sites in the region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data used in the study will be made available upon request to the corresponding author.

References

  • Aazami, J., Esmaili Sari, A., Abdoli, A., Sohrabi, H., & Van den Brink, P. J. (2015). Assessment of ecological quality of the Tajan River in Iran using a multimetric macroinvertebrate index and species traits. Environmental Management, 56(1), 260–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Shidi, F., & Victor, R. (2021). The physical–chemical environment and benthic invertebrate assemblages of two thermal springs located on carbonate and ophiolite rocks in northern Oman. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 1–22.

  • Arman, N. Z., Salmiati, S., Said, M. I. M., & Aris, A. (2019). Development of macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index and establishment of biocriteria for river health assessment in Malaysia. Ecological Indicators, 104, 449–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, P. D., Moss, D., Wright, J. F., & Furse, M. T. (1983). The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water Research, 17(3), 333–347.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Astin, L. E. (2006). Data synthesis and bioindicator development for nontidal streams in the interstate Potomac river basin, USA. Ecological Indicators, 6(4), 664–685.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aura, C. M., Raburu, P. O., & Herrmann, J. (2010). A preliminary macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity for bioassessment of the Kipkaren and Sosiani rivers, Nzoia river basin, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 15(2), 119–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baptista, D. F., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Oliveira, R. B. S., Mugnai, R., Nessimian, J. L., & Buss, D. F. (2013). Development of a benthic multimetric index for the Serra da Bocaina bioregion in Southeast Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 73(3), 573–583.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbier, E. (2002). Geothermal energy technology and current status: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6(1–2), 3–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Griffith, G. E., Frydenborg, R., McCarron, E., White, J. S., & Bastian, M. L. (1996). A framework for biological criteria for Florida streams using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 15(2), 185–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B. D., & Stribling, J. B. (1999). Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish (Vol. 339). US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour M. T., Stribling J. B., & Karr J. R. (1995). Multimetric approach for establishing biocriteria and measuring biological condition. Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resources Planning and Decision Making. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. 63–77.

  • Bayer, P., Rybach, L., Blum, P., & Brauchler, R. (2013). Review on life cycle environmental effects of geothermal power generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 446–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benito, F. A., Ogena, M. S., & Stimac, J. A. (2005). Geothermal energy development in the Philippines: Country update. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, (pp. 24–29).

  • Bertani, R. (2016). Geothermal power generation in the world 2010–2014 update report. Geothermics, 60, 31–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bis, B., Zdanowicz, A., & Zalewski, M. (2000). Effects of catchment properties on hydrochemistry, habitat complexity and invertebrate community structure in a lowland river. Hydrobiologia, 422, 369–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakely, T. J., Eikaas, H. S., & Harding, J. S. (2014). The Singscore: A macroinvertebrate biotic index for assessing the health of Singapore’s streams and canals. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62.

  • Blocksom, K. A. (2003). A performance comparison of metric scoring methods for a multimetric index for Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams. Environmental Management, 31(5), 0670–0682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blocksom, K. A., & Johnson, B. R. (2009). Development of a regional macroinvertebrate index for large river bioassessment. Ecological Indicators, 9(2), 313–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boonsoong, B., Sangpradub, N., & Barbour, M. T. (2009). Development of rapid bioassessment approaches using benthic macroinvertebrates for Thai streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 155(1–4), 129–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brito, J. G., Martins, R. T., Oliveira, V. C., Hamada, N., Nessimian, J. L., Hughes, R. M., & de Paula, F. R. (2018). Biological indicators of diversity in tropical streams: Congruence in the similarity of invertebrate assemblages. Ecological Indicators, 85, 85–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, K., Hughes, R. M., Xu, S., Zhang, J., Cai, D., & Wang, B. (2014). Evaluating performance of macroinvertebrate-based adjusted and unadjusted multimetric indices (MMI) using multi-season and multi-year samples. Ecological Indicators, 36, 142–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chessman, B. C. (1995). Rapid assessment of rivers using macroinvertebrates: A procedure based on habitat-specific sampling, family level identification and a biotic index. Australian Journal of Ecology, 20(1), 122–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chessman, B. C., & Giap, D. H. (2010). Biological metrics calculation. In V. H. Resh & D. H. Giap (Eds.), Biomonitoring Methods for the Lower Mekong Basin (pp. 57–60). Mekong River Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, G. W., Gallardo, B., & Aldridge, D. C. (2016). Development and testing of a biotic index to assess the ecological quality of lakes in Bangladesh. Hydrobiologia, 765(1), 55–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Compin, A., & Céréghino, R. (2003). Sensitivity of aquatic insect species richness to disturbance in the Adour-Garonne stream system (France). Ecological Indicators, 3(2), 135–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbi, J. J., Kleine, P., & Trivinho-Strixino, S. (2013). Are aquatic insect species sensitive to banana plant cultivation? Ecological Indicators, 25, 156–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Couceiro, S. R. M., Hamada, N., Forsberg, B. R., Pimentel, T. P., & Luz, S. L. B. (2012). A macroinvertebrate multimetric index to evaluate the biological condition of streams in the Central Amazon region of Brazil. Ecological Indicators, 18, 118–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, K. W., Merritt, R. W., & Andrade, P. C. (2005). The use of invertebrate functional groups to characterize ecosystem attributes in selected streams and rivers in south Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40(1), 69–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daam, M. A., & Rico, A. (2018). Freshwater shrimps as sensitive test species for the risk assessment of pesticides in the tropics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(14), 13235–13243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, J., & Johnson, R. K. (2004). A multimetric macroinvertebrate index for detecting organic pollution of streams in southern Sweden. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie, 160(4), 487–513.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Bikuña, B. G., López, E., Leonardo, J. M., Arrate, J., Martínez, A., & Manzanos, A. (2015). Development of a multimetric benthic macroinvertebrate index for assessing the ecological condition of Basque streams (north of Spain). Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 187(1), 21–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deborde, D. D. D., Hernandez, M. B. M., & Magbanua, F. S. (2016). Benthic macroinvertebrate community as an indicator of stream health: The effects of land use on stream benthic macroinvertebrates. Science Diliman, 28(2), 5–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dedieu, N., Clavier, S., Vigouroux, R., Cerdan, P., & Céréghino, R. (2015). A multimetric macroinvertebrate index for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive in French Guiana, East Amazonia. River Research and Applications, 32(3), 501–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deemool, M., & Prommi, T. O. (2017). The use of biotic indices for evaluation of water quality in the streams, western Thailand. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, 6(1), 89–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudgeon, D. (1999). Tropical Asian streams: Zoobenthos, ecology and conservation. Hong Kong University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duggan, I. C., Boothroyd, I. K., & Speirs, D. A. (2007). Factors affecting the distribution of stream macroinvertebrates in geothermal areas: Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Hydrobiologia, 592(1), 235–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, K. N., Davis, S. R., Herhold, H. W., Stanger-Hall, K. F., Bybee, S. M., & Branham, M. A. (2022). Morphological changes in the tracheal system associated with light organs of the firefly Photinus pyralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) across life stages. PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0268112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, S. M., Mustafi, S. B., Raha, S., & Chakraborty, S. K. (2018). Biomonitoring role of some cellular markers during heat stress-induced changes in highly representative freshwater mollusc, Bellamya bengalensis: Implication in climate change and biological adaptation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 157, 482–490.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, W. R., Paiva, L. T., & Callisto, M. (2011). Development of a benthic multimetric index for biomonitoring of a neotropical watershed. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(1), 15–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fridleifsson, I. B. (2001). Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 5(3), 299–312.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabriels, W., Lock, K., De Pauw, N., & Goethals, P. L. (2010). Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders (Belgium). Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 40(3), 199–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. F., Shokralla, S., Curry, C., Baird, D. J., Monk, W. A., King, I., & Hajibabaei, M. (2015). Large-scale biomonitoring of remote and threatened ecosystems via high-throughput sequencing. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0138432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez, N., Sierra, M. V., Cortelezzi, A., & Capítulo, A. R. (2008). Effects of discharges from the textile industry on the biotic integrity of benthic assemblages. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69(3), 472–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gore, J. A., & Banning, J. (2017). Chapter 3 - Discharge measurements and streamflow analysis. In F. R. Hauer, & G. A. Lamberti (Eds.), Methods in Stream Ecology, Volume 1 (Third Edition) (pp. 49–70). Boston: Academic Press.

  • Hayashi, M., & Morimoto, R. (2022). Laboratory rearing of Hydrochus japonicus (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae) suggests larvae live at the water bottom. Entomological Science, 25(1), e12498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heino, J. (2005). Functional biodiversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages along major ecological gradients of boreal headwater streams. Freshwater Biology, 50(9), 1578–1587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helson, J. E., & Williams, D. D. (2013). Development of a macroinvertebrate multimetric index for the assessment of low-land streams in the neotropics. Ecological Indicators, 29, 167–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, D. C. (2007). The effects of landscape-level disturbance on the composition of Minnesota caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) trophic functional groups: Evidence for ecosystem homogenization. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 135(1), 253–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, D. C., Berry, E. A., Gilchrist, A., Thompson, J., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2011). Biological changes along the continuum of an agricultural stream: Influence of a small terrestrial preserve and use of adult caddisflies in biomonitoring. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 26(3), 381–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Q., Gao, J., Cai, Y., Yin, H., Gao, Y., Zhao, J., & Huang, J. (2014). Development and application of benthic macroinvertebrate-based multimetric indices for the assessment of streams and rivers in the Taihu basin, China. Ecological Indicators, 48, 649–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, D. L., Olson, J. R., Brossett, M. P., & Gore, J. A. (2010). Development of ecoregional and subecoregional reference conditions. In D. L. Hughes, M. P. Brossett, J. A. Gore, & J. R. Olson (Eds.), Rapid Bioassessment of Stream Health (pp. 65–84). CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hui, W. A. B., & Fikri, A. H. (2021). Comparative analyses of biotic indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates for stream water quality assessment at tropical streams. Serangga, 26(2), 47–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, S., Faridah-Hanum, I., & Hakeem, K. R. (2016). Development of mangrove quality index (MQI) in Malaysia: A proposal. The Malaysian Forester, 79(1&2), 197–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itayama, T., Hawkins, P. R., Leelahakriengkrai, P., Kullasoot, S., Whangchai, N., Chitmanat, C., & Kawabata, Z. I. (2015). Bioassessment of dry season water quality in the Ping river around Chiang Mai city, Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 42, 349–366.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jun, Y. C., Won, D. H., Lee, S. H., Kong, D. S., & Hwang, S. J. (2012). A multimetric benthic macroinvertebrate index for the assessment of stream biotic integrity in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(10), 3599–3628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemm, D. J., Blocksom, K. A., Fulk, F. A., Herlihy, A. T., Hughes, R. M., Kaufmann, P. R., Peck, D. V., Stoddard, J. L., Thoeny, W. T., Griffith, M. B., & Davis, W. S. (2003). Development and evaluation of a macroinvertebrate biotic integrity index (MBII) for regionally assessing Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams. Environmental Management, 31(5), 656–669.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristmannsdóttir, H., & Ármannsson, H. (2003). Environmental aspects of geothermal energy utilization. Geothermics, 32(4–6), 451–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamberti, G. A., & Resh, V. H. (1983). Geothermal effects on stream benthos: Separate influences of thermal and chemical components on periphyton and macroinvertebrates. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40(11), 1995–2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. J., & Matthews, P. G. (2021). How insects transition from water to air: Respiratory insights from dragonflies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 253, 110859.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, L., Xu, Z., Yin, X., Li, F., & Dou, T. (2017). Development of a multimetric index based on benthic macroinvertebrates for the assessment of urban stream health in Jinan City, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(5), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z., Li, Z., Castro, D. M., Tan, X., Jiang, X., Meng, X., & Xie, Z. (2021). Effects of different types of land-use on taxonomic and functional diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a subtropical river network. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(32), 44339–44353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, M. L. D., Magbanua, F. S., Mamaril, A. C., & Papa, R. D. S. (2017). Variations in microcrustacean (Crustacea: Cladocera, Copepoda) assemblages from selected groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the greater Luzon and Mindoro island faunal regions (Philippines): Insights to tropical groundwater ecology. Inland Waters, 7(4), 428–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macedo, D. R., Hughes, R. M., Ferreira, W. R., Firmiano, K. R., Silva, D. R., Ligeiro, R., Kaufmann, P. R., & Callisto, M. (2016). Development of a benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index (MMI) for neotropical savanna headwater streams. Ecological Indicators, 64, 132–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magbanua, F. S., Mendoza, N. Y. B., Fontanilla, A. M., & Ong, P. S. (2013). Modified visual stream assessment protocol: A field guide. UP Biology – EDC Biodiversity Field Guide Series No. 1. Quezon City and Pasig City: Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman and Energy Development Corporation.

  • Magbanua, F. S., Salluta, J. C. R. B., Deborde, D. D. D., & Hernandez, M. B. M. (2019). Benthic macroinvertebrates of the University of the Philippines Diliman campus waterways and their variation across land use in an urban, academic landscape. Science Diliman, 31(1), 5–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manaog, M. D. (2003). Development of a family-level biotic index for environmental monitoring of nickel mining affected streams in Bataraza, Palawan, Philippines. MS Thesis. University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.

  • Masese, F. O., Raburu, P. O., & Muchiri, M. (2009). A preliminary benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for monitoring the Moiben River, Lake Victoria basin, Kenya. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 34(1), 1–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menetrey, N., Oertli, B., & Lachavanne, J. B. (2011). The CIEPT: A macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for assessing the ecological quality of Swiss lowland ponds. Ecological Indicators, 11(2), 590–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merritt, R. W., Cummins, K. W., & Berg, M. B. (2008). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merritt, R. W., Cummins, K. W., Berg, M. B., Novak, J. A., Higgins, M. J., Wessell, K. J., & Lessard, J. L. (2002). Development and application of a macroinvertebrate functional-group approach in the bioassessment of remnant river oxbows in southwest Florida. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 21(2), 290–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miserendino, M. L., & Masi, C. I. (2010). The effects of land use on environmental features and functional organization of macroinvertebrate communities in Patagonian low order streams. Ecological Indicators, 10(2), 311–319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondy, C. P., Villeneuve, B., Archaimbault, V., & Usseglio-Polatera, P. (2012). A new macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (I2M2) to evaluate ecological quality of French wadeable streams fulfilling the WFD demands: A taxonomical and trait approach. Ecological Indicators, 18, 452–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moslen, M., & Ameki, C. F. (2018). Impacts of human activities on the macrobenthic assemblage of a stream in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. SF Journal of Environmental and Earth Science, 1(1), 1011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moya, N., Hughes, R. M., Domínguez, E., Gibon, F. M., Goitia, E., & Oberdorff, T. (2011). Macroinvertebrate-based multimetric predictive models for evaluating the human impact on biotic condition of Bolivian streams. Ecological Indicators, 11(3), 840–847.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moya, N., Tomanova, S., & Oberdorff, T. (2007). Initial development of a multimetric index based on aquatic macroinvertebrates to assess streams condition in the Upper Isiboro-Sécure basin, Bolivian Amazon. Hydrobiologia, 589(1), 107–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mustow, S. E. (2002). Biological monitoring of rivers in Thailand: Use and adaptation of the BMWP score. Hydrobiologia, 479(1–3), 191–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H. H., Everaert, G., Gabriels, W., Hoang, T. H., & Goethals, P. L. (2014). A multimetric macroinvertebrate index for assessing the water quality of the Cau river basin in Vietnam. Limnologica, 45, 16–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ofenbock, T., Moog, O., Gerritsen, J., & Barbour, M. (2004). A stressor specific multimetric approach for monitoring running waters in Austria using benthic macro-invertebrates. Hydrobiologia, 516, 251–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogena, M. S., Maria, R. S., Stark, M. A., Oca, R. A. V., Reyes, A. N., Fronda, A. D., & Bayon, F. E. B. (2010). Philippine Country Update: 2005–2010 geothermal energy development. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, (pp. 1–10).

  • Oliveira, R. B., Baptista, D. F., Mugnai, R., Castro, C. M., & Hughes, R. M. (2011). Towards rapid bioassessment of wadeable streams in Brazil: development of the Guapiaçu-Macau Multimetric Index (GMMI) based on benthic macroinvertebrates. Ecological Indicators, 11(6), 1584–1593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallottini, M., Goretti, E., Selvaggi, R., Cappelletti, D., Dedieu, N., & Céréghino, R. (2017). An efficient semi-quantitative macroinvertebrate multimetric index for the assessment of water and sediment contamination in streams. Inland Waters, 7(3), 314–322.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parikh, G., Rawtani, D., & Khatri, N. (2021). Insects as an indicator for environmental pollution. Environmental Claims Journal, 33(2), 161–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, P. D. S., Souza, N. F. D., Baptista, D. F., Ribeiro-Alves, M., Santos, H. L. C., & Buss, D. F. (2021). Functional feeding group composition and attributes: Evaluation of freshwater ecosystems in Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 21.

  • Persha, L., Agrawal, A., & Chhatre, A. (2011). Social and ecological synergy: Local rulemaking, forest livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation. Science, 331(6024), 1606–1608.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phaphong, A., & Sangpradub, N. (2012). Development of a benthic macroinvertebrate biotic index to evaluate wetland health in Northeastern Thailand. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(47), 6320–6328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pioquinto, W. P. (2006). Reservoir permeability assessment of the Mindanao Geothermal Field, Philippines. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 30, 931–936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, G. P., & Keough, M. J. (2002). Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabení, C. F., Doisy, K. E., & Zweig, L. D. (2005). Stream invertebrate community functional responses to deposited sediment. Aquatic Sciences, 67(4), 395–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raburu, P. O., Masese, F. O., & Mulanda, C. A. (2009). Macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (M-IBI) for monitoring rivers in the upper catchment of Lake Victoria basin, Kenya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 12(2), 197–205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rattanachan, N., Boonsoong, B., Getwongsa, P., Uttaruk, Y., & Sangpradub, N. (2016). A benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index for assessment of the ecological integrity of Northeast streams, Thailand. Environment Asia, 9(2), 186–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resh, V. H. (2010). Habitat assessment and the calculation of a site disturbance score. In V. H. Resh & D. H. Giap (Eds.), Biomonitoring Methods for the Lower Mekong Basin (pp. 13–20). Mekong River Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resh, V. H., & Chessman, B. C. (2010). Designation of reference sites. In V. H. Resh & D. H. Giap (Eds.), Biomonitoring Methods for the Lower Mekong Basin (pp. 61–65). Mekong River Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruaro, R., Gubiani, É. A., Hughes, R. M., & Mormul, R. P. (2020). Global trends and challenges in multimetric indices of biological condition. Ecological Indicators, 110, 105862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubio-Gracia, F., Argudo, M., Zamora, L., Clements, W. H., Vila-Gispert, A., Casals, F., & Guasch, H. (2022). Response of stream ecosystem structure to heavy metal pollution: Context-dependency of top-down control by fish. Aquatic Sciences, 84(2), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangpradub, N., & Boonsoong, B. (2006). Identification of freshwater invertebrates of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Mekong River Commission, Vientiane, Laos.

  • Sareein, N., Phalaraksh, C., Rahong, P., Techakijvej, C., Seok, S., & Bae, Y. J. (2019). Relationships between predatory aquatic insects and mosquito larvae in residential areas in northern Thailand. Journal of Vector Ecology, 44(2), 223–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, K. A., Alexander, L. C., Ridley, C. E., Vanderhoof, M. K., Fritz, K. M., Autrey, B. C., & Pollard, A. I. (2018). Biota connect aquatic habitats throughout freshwater ecosystem mosaics. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 54(2), 372–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, X., Liu, J., You, X., Bao, K., Meng, B., & Chen, B. (2017). Evaluation of river habitat integrity based on benthic macroinvertebrate-based multimetric model. Ecological Modelling, 353, 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiyun, C., Gong, Y., Wang, H., Zheng, J., Hu, J., Hu, J., & Dong, F. (2017). A pilot macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (MMI-CS) for assessing the ecological status of the Chishui river basin, China. Ecological Indicators, 83, 84–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, D. R., Herlihy, A. T., Hughes, R. M., & Callisto, M. (2017). An improved macroinvertebrate multimetric index for the assessment of wadeable streams in the neotropical savanna. Ecological Indicators, 81, 514–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, M. Y., Leprieur, F., Thomas, A., Lek-Ang, S., Chon, T. S., & Lek, S. (2009). Impact of agricultural land use on aquatic insect assemblages in the Garonne river catchment (SW France). Aquatic Ecology, 43(4), 999–1009.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sporka, F., Vlek, H. E., Bulankova, E., & Krno, I. J. (2006). Influence of seasonal variation on bioassessment of streams using macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia, 566, 543–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard, J. L., Herlihy, A. T., Peck, D. V., Hughes, R. M., Whittier, T. R., & Tarquinio, E. (2008). A process for creating multimetric indices for large-scale aquatic surveys. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27(4), 878–891.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard, J. L., Larsen, D. P., Hawkins, C. P., Johnson, R. K., & Norris, R. H. (2006). Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: The concept of reference condition. Ecological Applications, 16(4), 1267–1276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudaryanti, S., Trihadiningrum, Y., Hart, B. T., Davies, P. E., Humphrey, C., Norris, R., & Thurtell, L. (2001). Assessment of the biological health of the Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia using the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) Methodology. Aquatic Ecology, 35(2), 135–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sumudumali, R. G. I., & Jayawardana, J. M. C. K. (2021). A review of biological monitoring of aquatic ecosystems approaches: With special reference to macroinvertebrates and pesticide pollution. Environmental Management, 67(2), 263–276.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sussman, D., Javellana, S. P., & Benavidez, P. J. (1993). Geothermal energy development in the Philippines: An overview. Geothermics, 22(5–6), 353–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tampo, L., Lazar, I. M., Kaboré, I., Oueda, A., Akpataku, K. V., Djaneye-Boundjou, G., & Guenda, W. (2020). A multimetric index for assessment of aquatic ecosystem health based on macroinvertebrates for the Zio river basin in Togo. Limnologica, 83, 125783.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanalgo, K. C., Tabora, J. A. G., & Hughes, A. C. (2018). Bat cave vulnerability index (BCVI): A holistic rapid assessment tool to identify priorities for effective cave conservation in the tropics. Ecological Indicators, 89, 852–860.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tchakonté, S., Ajeagah, G. A., Camara, A. I., Diomandé, D., Nyamsi Tchatcho, N. L., & Ngassam, P. (2015). Impact of urbanization on aquatic insect assemblages in the coastal zone of Cameroon: The use of biotraits and indicator taxa to assess environmental pollution. Hydrobiologia, 755(1), 123–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry, J. P., & Goff, J. R. (2012). The special vulnerability of Asia-Pacific islands to natural hazards. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361(1), 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomasini-Montenegro, C., Santoyo-Castelazo, E., Gujba, H., Romero, R. J., & Santoyo, E. (2017). Life cycle assessment of geothermal power generation technologies: An updated review. Applied Thermal Engineering, 114, 1119–1136.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trigal, C., García-Criado, F., & Fernández-Aláez, C. (2009). Towards a multimetric index for ecological assessment of Mediterranean flatland ponds: The use of macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. Hydrobiologia, 618(1), 109–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uttaruk, P., Voharndee, P., Jusanit, P., Bunyaadunyakit, P., Suriya, S., Jaengjaithum, T., & Sangpradub, N. (2011). Development of biotic index based on rapid bioassessment approaches using benthic macroinvertebrates for Chi and Mun headwater streams, northeast Thailand. Advances in Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 29–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verberk, W. C., Buchwalter, D. B., & Kefford, B. J. (2020). Energetics as a lens to understanding aquatic insect’s responses to changing temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity regimes. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 41, 46–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdonschot, R. C., Keizer-Vlek, H. E., & Verdonschot, P. F. (2012). Development of a multimetric index based on macroinvertebrates for drainage ditch networks in agricultural areas. Ecological Indicators, 13(1), 232–242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villamarin, C., Rieradevall, M., Paul, M. J., Barbour, M. T., & Prat, N. (2013). A tool to assess the ecological condition of tropical high Andean streams in Ecuador and Peru: The IMEERA index. Ecological Indicators, 29, 79–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlek, H. E., Verdonschot, P. F., & Nijboer, R. C. (2004). Towards a multimetric index for the assessment of Dutch streams using benthic macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia, 516, 173–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan Abdul Ghani, W. M. H., Abas Kutty, A., Mahazar, M. A., Al-Shami, S. A., & Ab Hamid, S. (2018). Performance of biotic indices in comparison to chemical-based water quality index (WQI) in evaluating the water quality of urban river. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(5), 1–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wongsanoon, J., Jatisatienr, A., Mungkornasawakul, P., & Phalaraksh, C. (2011). Aquatic-insect-based biotic indices to assess water quality in Klong Pae, Rajjaprabha Dam, Surat Thani Province 2008–2009. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 38(3), 463–472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz, C., Kanoglu, M., & Abusoglu, A. (2015). Thermoeconomic cost evaluation of hydrogen production driven by binary geothermal power plant. Geothermics, 57, 18–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, C. O., & Rankin, E. T. (1995). Biological response signatures and the area of degradation value: New tools for interpreting multimetric data. Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making, 263–286.

  • Yule, C. M., & Yong, H. S. (2004). Freshwater invertebrates of the Malaysian region. Akademi Sains Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

  • Zakaria, M. Z., & Mohamed, M. (2019). Comparative analysis of biotic indices in water quality assessment: Case study at Sungai Bantang, Johor. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 269, 012047.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We also acknowledge the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration–Climatological and Agrometeorological Division (PAGASA-CAD) for providing the 2000 to 2015 rainfall data for Kidapawan, Cotabato. Special thanks are due to Dino Angelo Ramos, Christine Jewel Uy-Yabut, and our colleagues from EDC and the UPD-Institute of Biology for their help in the field.

Funding

This research was funded by the Energy Development Corporation (EDC) under the Biodiversity Conservation and Monitoring Program (BCMP) from March 2011 to February 2016. Funding was managed by the Diliman Science Research Foundation Inc.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines

    Danielle Dominique D. Deborde, Mariano Roy M. Duya & Francis S. Magbanua

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences and the Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines

    Rey Donne S. Papa

Authors
  1. Danielle Dominique D. Deborde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rey Donne S. Papa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mariano Roy M. Duya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Francis S. Magbanua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Danielle Dominique D. Deborde: conceptualization, methodology, data curation and analysis, writing—original draft, visualization. Rey Donne S. Papa: writing—review and editing, supervision. Mariano Roy M. Duya: writing—review and editing, supervision. Francis S. Magbanua: conceptualization, methodology, fieldwork, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Danielle Dominique D. Deborde.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 240 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Deborde, D.D.D., Papa, R.D.S., Duya, M.R.M. et al. Mt. Apo Biotic Index (MABI): a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for assessing stream biotic integrity of wadeable streams within a geothermal production field in Mindanao, Philippines. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1110 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11743-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11743-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation