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Pesticide concentration in three selected fish species and human health risk in the Lake Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia

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Abstract

Pesticide use has increased in the Lake Tana sub-basin due to increased agricultural activity, potentially endangering nontargeted organisms. To assess its potential impact on fish health and fish-consuming human populations, pesticide concentrations in the fillet and liver tissue of three fish species, namely Labeobarbus megastoma, Labeobarbus tsanensis, and Oreochromis niloticus, were investigated in Lake Tana. Fish samples were taken from the lake near the rivers of Ribb and Gumara, which flow through agricultural areas where considerable amounts of pesticides have been applied. A total of 96 fish samples were collected. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) revealed the presence of ten pesticides. Pyrimethanil was frequently detected in 96% of liver and 65% of fillet samples at a median concentration of 33.9 µg kg−1 and 19.7 µg kg−1, respectively. The highest concentration of pyrimethanil was found in L. megastoma (1850.0 µg kg−1). Labeobarbus megastoma also had the highest concentration of oxamyl (507.0 µg kg−1) and flazasulfuron (60.1 µg kg−1) detected in the liver tissue. The highest concentration of carbaryl (56.5 µg kg−1) was found in the liver tissue of O. niloticus. Fish tissue samples from the two study sites contained pyrimethanil, oxamyl, carbaryl, and flazasulfuron. Only pyrimethanil showed a statistically significant difference between the two sites and the species L. megastoma and L. tsanensis. The amounts of pesticides found in the fish species pose no direct risk to the health of fish consumer human population. However, the results show that the lake ecosystem needs immediate attention and regular monitoring of the rising pesticide usage in the lake watershed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Belgian Development Cooperation (VLIR-UOS) for financially supporting this research through the Inter-University Cooperation of Flemish and Bahir Dar Universities (IUC-BDU). The VLIR-UOS project staff at Bahir Dar University are acknowledged for the support and logistics provided. We thank Mr. Ferede Tsegaw and Mr. Kassahun Erkyehun for their help in fish specimen collections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UHasselt, Centre for Environmental Sciences, 3590, Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Belgium

    Wondie Zelalem & Alain De Vocht

  2. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Wondie Zelalem, Minwyelet Mingist & Felegush Erarto

  3. Intergovernmental Authority On Development (IGAD), Djibouti, Djibouti

    Wassie Anteneh

  4. Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Mulugeta Kibret

  5. Department of Natural Resource Management, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Enyew Adgo

  6. Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Jasmine De Rop & Pieter Spanoghe

  7. Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Andrée De Cock & Peter L. M. Goethals

  8. Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Jan Nyssen

  9. Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Elie Verleyen

  10. PXL University College, Hasselt, Belgium

    Alain De Vocht

Authors
  1. Wondie Zelalem
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  2. Wassie Anteneh
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  3. Minwyelet Mingist
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  4. Mulugeta Kibret
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  7. Jasmine De Rop
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  10. Peter L. M. Goethals
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  11. Jan Nyssen
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  12. Elie Verleyen
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  13. Alain De Vocht
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Contributions

Wondie Zelalem: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, formal analysis, writing–original draft; Wassie Anteneh, Minwyelet Mingist: conceptualization, investigation, editing; Mulugeta Kibret, Enyew Adgo, Jan Nyssen, Elie Verleyen: investigation, project administration, editing; Felegush Erarto: investigation, editing; Jasmine De Rop, Andrée De Cock, Pieter Spanoghe, Peter L.M Goethals: methodology, data curation, formal analysis, editing; Alain De Vocht: conceptualization, project administration, methodology, investigation, data curation, editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wondie Zelalem.

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The Ethical Committee of Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, approved the study. The care and use of animals followed all applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Zelalem, W., Anteneh, W., Mingist, M. et al. Pesticide concentration in three selected fish species and human health risk in the Lake Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia. Environ Monit Assess 195, 988 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11594-y

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