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Spatiotemporal variability and health risk assessment of PM2.5 and NO2 over the Indo-Gangetic Plain: A three years long study (2019-21)

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Abstract

Studying the spatiotemporal variability of pollutants is necessary to identify the pollution hotspots with high health risk and enable the agencies to implement pollution abatement strategies in a targeted manner. Present study reports the spatio-temporal variability and health risk assessment (HRA) of PM2.5 (Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5μm) and NO2 over IGP from 2019-2021. The HRA is expressed as passively smoked cigarettes (PSC) for four different health outcomes i.e., low birth weight (LBW), percentage decreased lung function (DLF) in school aged children, lung cancer (LC), and cardiovascular mortality (CM). The findings confirm very high PM2.5 and NO2 mass concentrations and high health risk over middle IGP and Delhi as compared to upper and lower IGP. Within Delhi, north Delhi region is the most polluted and at highest risk as compared to central and south Delhi. The health risk associated with PM2.5 over IGP is highest for DLF, equivalent to 21.63 PSCs daily, followed by CM (11.69), LBW (8.27) and LC (6.94). For NO2, the health risk is highest for DLF (3.09 PSCs) and CM (2.95), followed by LC (1.47) and LBW (1.04). PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, along with the associated health risks, are highest during the post-monsoon and winter seasons and lowest during the monsoon season.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

VV:

Vivek Vihar

AV:

Anand Vihar

ASH:

Ashok Nagar

AN:

Arya Nagar

BH:

Bhawana

CRRI:

Central Road Research Institute

DTU:

Delhi Technical University

DW:

Dwarka sec-8

IGI:

Indra Gandhi International airport

JH:

Jahangirpuri

JNS:

Jawaharlal Nehru stadium

MDS:

Major Dhyanchand Stadium

MD:

Mundka

NA:

Narela

OKH:

Okhla

PPG:

Patparganj

SV:

Soniya Vihar

SAM:

Sri Aurbindo Marg

PU:

Pusa

RKP:

R.K. Puram

PBH:

Punjabi Bagh

AMR:

Amritsar

JAL:

Jalandhar

LUD:

Ludhiana

PAT:

Patiala

KAR:

Karnal

DLI:

Delhi

AGR:

Agra

KAN:

Kanpur

VAR:

Varanasi

PAT:

Patna

GAY:

Gaya

ASA:

Asansol

KOL:

Kolkata

SIL:

Siliguri

AVG:

Average

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Acknowledgement

The Authors would like to acknowledge the IRD Grand Challenge Project grant, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi (Grant No.428 IITD/IRD/ MI01810G), for the funding support to carry out this project. The authors also would like to thank CPCB and various SPCBs for providing the free access to the PM2.5 and NO2 mass concentration data. And a special tank to NRT VIIRS 375 m Active Fire product VNP14IMGT distributed from NASA FIRMS.

Funding

The authors states that this research was funded by the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) Grand Challenge project (Grant No.428 IITD/IRD/ MI01810G).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of interdisciplinary research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India

    Vikas Goel

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India

    Vikas Goel, Ajit Kumar & Mayank Kumar

  3. Centre for Research into Atmospheric Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, T12K8AF, Ireland

    Srishti Jain

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India

    Srishti Jain & Vikram Singh

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  1. Vikas Goel
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  2. Ajit Kumar
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  3. Srishti Jain
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  4. Vikram Singh
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  5. Mayank Kumar
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Vikas Goel or Mayank Kumar.

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Goel, V., Kumar, A., Jain, S. et al. Spatiotemporal variability and health risk assessment of PM2.5 and NO2 over the Indo-Gangetic Plain: A three years long study (2019-21). Environ Monit Assess 195, 976 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11558-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11558-2

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