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Geochemical soil dynamics on a bimodal post-collisional intrusive complex

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Abstract

The importance of environmental quality for global social and ecological development, including soil degradation, cannot be overstated. Trace elements dispersed in the environment due to anthropogenic or geogenic activities can result in ecotoxicological impacts, negatively influencing environmental quality. The reference values for soil quality concerning trace elements are primarily based on geological, geomorphological, and pedological patterns. However, intrinsic geological factors may diverge some concentration levels from established norms. Therefore, conducting comprehensive surveys of environmental quality reference values becomes imperative, incorporating geological, geomorphological, and pedological patterns. A deeper understanding of the distribution of these elements is also required. Multivariate analysis proves crucial in compartmentalizing the most relevant factors, particularly in regions marked by bimodal magmatism arising from post-collisional distensional processes, such as the Santa Angélica intrusive suite in southeast Brazil. This study collected soil samples from pastures and natural grasslands with minimal anthropogenic intervention at two depths. These samples underwent various chemical and physical analyses. Statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and geostatistics were utilized to interpret the data. The analysis revealed a correlation between the clay fraction and trace elements, demonstrating that clustering is an effective methodology for ascertaining landscape distribution patterns of these components. When compared to quality reference values, it was observed that most soil content levels exceeded both global and local standards. This study suggests that the presence of barium (Ba) in the soil might be due to the isomorphic replacement of feldspathic minerals in acidic and intermediate rocks, whereas molybdenum (Mo) seems to be associated with soils in the domain of porphyritic allanite granite. However, additional research is warranted to determine the concentration factor of Mo in this scenario accurately.

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The data used in this research are not publicly available now, as they are still being analyzed for another ongoing project. We will make the data available upon request after the completion of the other project or after a reasonable period. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause to the readers and reviewers of this paper.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the coordination of postgraduate studies in agronomy at the Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering (CASE) at the Federal University of Espírito Santo for providing the facilities for the conduction of the experiments and data analysis and to the Environmental Sciences Laboratory at the State University of North Fluminense (ESL) for the chemical measures. This work is financially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq), award number 423460/2016-1. We thank the anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their great help in improving our manuscript.

Funding

This work is financially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq), award number 423460/2016-1.

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  1. Diego Lang Burak, Carlos Eduardo Veiga de Carvalho, Filipe Altoé Temporim, Danilo de Lima Camêlo and Alexandre Rosa dos Santos contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Engineering Department, Federal Fluminense Education, Science and Technology Institute, Av. Souza MotaCampos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 35028060-010, Brazil

    Kargean Vianna Barbosa

  2. Agronomy Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Alegre, 29500-000, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Kargean Vianna Barbosa, Diego Lang Burak, Danilo de Lima Camêlo & Alexandre Rosa dos Santos

  3. Environmental Sciences Laboratory, State University of North Fluminense, Av. Alberto LamegoCampos Dos Goytacazes, 200028013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Carlos Eduardo Veiga de Carvalho

  4. Geophysics Department, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança, Goiânia, 74690-900, Goi ́as, Brazil

    Filipe Altoé Temporim

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Contributions

Kargean Vianna Barbosa led the theoretical conception of the research question and design, performed the statistical analysis and software manipulation, and wrote the main sections of the manuscript. Diego Lang Burak provided theoretical support and guidance throughout the study, reviewed and revised the manuscript critically, and offered valuable advice. Carlos Eduardo Veiga de Carvalho contributed to the laboratory work, data collection, and writing advice. Filipe Altoé Temporim supported the theoretical conception with relevant literature and expertise, reviewed and edited the manuscript for clarity and coherence, and checked the quality of the figures and tables. Danilo de Lima Camêlo coordinated and organized the research team, assisted with writing and formatting the manuscript, and advised on theoretical aspects. Finally, Alexandre Rosa dos Santos helped with GIS data processing and visualization, reviewed the manuscript for accuracy and consistency, and suggested improvements. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors.

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Barbosa, K.V., Burak, D.L., de Carvalho, C.E.V. et al. Geochemical soil dynamics on a bimodal post-collisional intrusive complex. Environ Monit Assess 195, 911 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11469-2

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