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Evaluation of metal contamination in surface sediments and macroalgae in mangrove and port complex ecosystems on the Brazilian equatorial margin

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Abstract

This study evaluated metal contamination in surface sediments and macroalgae of mangroves and port complexes on the Brazilian equatorial margin. Samples were collected between August 2020 and February 2021 at seven points in a mangrove swamp under the influence of port activity and at two points without port activity. Metal concentrations in the macroalgae and sediments were determined using inductively coupled plasma‒optical emission spectrometry. All macroalgal species bioaccumulated metals, as demonstrated by their bioaccumulation factors. The geochemical contamination indices indicated that the estuarine complex was influenced by port activity as moderately contaminated by Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe and considerably contaminated by Zn and Cu. The enrichment factor confirmed significant mineral enrichment of Zn and Cu in this environment. The concentrations of the metals in the sediment followed the order Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb at most sampling points. Cladophoropsis membranacea recorded the highest bioaccumulation values for Pb (0.44), Rhizoclonium africanum for Zn (1.08), Cr (0.55), and Fe (0.30), and Bostrychia radicans for Mn (2.22). The bioaccumulation pattern of metals in the most abundant macroalgal species followed the order Bostrychia radicans (Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Fe) and Rhizoclonium africanum (Zn > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Fe).

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Data availability

Datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Figshare repository, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21221576.v1.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Postgraduate Program in Oceanography (PPGOceano-UFMA) as well as the Laboratory of Phytoplankton of the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) and the Laboratory of Environmental Science (UENF) for technical and structural support.

Funding

This research was supported by a grant from the Foundation for Research and Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão—Brazil (FAPEMA) through the concession of a Master’s scholarship (BM-00061/20) to the first author.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia (PPGOceano), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP: 65085-580, Brazil

    James Jordan Marques Corrêa, Marco Valério Jansen Cutrim & Quedyane Silva da Cruz

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  1. James Jordan Marques Corrêa
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  2. Marco Valério Jansen Cutrim
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  3. Quedyane Silva da Cruz
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by James J.M. Corrêa, Marco V.J. Cutrim, and Quedyane Silva da Cruz. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Marco V.J. Cutrim, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marco Valério Jansen Cutrim.

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Corrêa, J.J.M., Cutrim, M.V.J. & da Cruz, Q.S. Evaluation of metal contamination in surface sediments and macroalgae in mangrove and port complex ecosystems on the Brazilian equatorial margin. Environ Monit Assess 195, 432 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11024-z

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