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Spatiotemporal variations in the composition of algal mats in wastewater treatment ponds of tannery industry

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Abstract

Wastewater Treatment Pond (WTP) is an effective remediation technology for economically developing nations. Although it's excessive organic and nutrient loads with higher water logging time triggers mixed and unprofitable microalgal mats. This may serve as a seeding source for Cyanobacterial bloom in receiving waterbodies. Since, to maintain the growth of desirable algal species in WTPs, understanding towards environmental regulation and algal mat composition is important, especially for tropical countries, like India. In this study, biological treatment pond (BTP) and outlet pond (OP), of a tannery effluent treatment plant in eastern coast of India, were chosen for surveying the algal community composition concerning ecological parameters. Nearly, both the ponds were polluted, but the diversity was lower in BTP due to its elevated nutrient content (Ammonia 173 mg L−1) and higher persistent organic matters (COD 301.7 mg L−1) than OP. Using canonical correspondence analysis, seasonal variations showed higher species abundance during early summer compared to other seasons. A total of 37 taxa forming thick algal mats were recorded. The matrix of mats was mainly composed of Cyanobacterial members such as Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, Spirulina, and Pseudanabaena, followed by diatoms, especially Amphora and Nitzschia. Diatoms commonly occurred as embedded component in the entangled matrix of blue-green algal filaments. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to group all these taxa based on their seasonal appearance and abundance. This year-long intensive study revealing seasonal algal mat composition patterns in these WTPs will ultimately safeguard the livelihood and security of adjoining localities through proper site-specific pollution control.

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Acknowledgements

Iman Dey would like to thank Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta; Centre for Advanced Study, Phase VII, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta; and Department of Science and Technology-Fund for Improvement of S & T Infrastructure in Higher Educational System program, for providing infrastructural facilities to conduct the research work.

Funding

Iman Dey was financially supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC-Ref. No.: 723/(CSIR-UGC NET JUNE 2017).

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  1. Phycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India

    Iman Dey, Sreemanti Banerjee, Rahul Bose & Ruma Pal

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  1. Iman Dey
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  2. Sreemanti Banerjee
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  3. Rahul Bose
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  4. Ruma Pal
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RP gave the concept of investigation, ID has done all the experimental works and wrote the full manuscript, and SB and RB critically analyzed the manuscript. Finally, RP edited the whole manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ruma Pal.

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Dey, I., Banerjee, S., Bose, R. et al. Spatiotemporal variations in the composition of algal mats in wastewater treatment ponds of tannery industry. Environ Monit Assess 193, 359 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09144-5

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