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Unravelling tidal effect on zooplankton community structure in a tropical estuary

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Abstract

The variability in zooplankton density and species composition in response to tidal oscillations were investigated in the lesser saline upper reaches (E1) and higher saline lower reaches (E2) of the Mahanadi Estuary, located at the mouth of the third largest river in Indian Peninsula. This is the first of its kind high frequency observation over the tidal cycle ranging from highest high tide to lowest low tide in this estuary revealing dynamic variability of zooplankton assemblages. Zooplankton abundance was higher during high tide in comparison to low tide, irrespective of salinity regimes. On the diurnal scale, it was higher at night in comparison to the day at both E1 and E2. The higher abundance of zooplankton groups such as Copepoda, Cladocera, and planktonic larvae during the night at E1 as well as E2 indicating an upward migration. Many of the zooplankton taxa (e.g., Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus, Pseudodiaptomus sp., Acartia danae, Acrocalanus longicornis, Oithona sp., Corycaeus andrewsi) migrated towards E1 due to tidal effect during high tide and maintained their position even during low tide. In contrast, the prevalence of limnetic taxa (e.g., Brachionus rubens, Polyarthra vulgaris, Bosminopsis deitersi, Moina micrura, Heliodiaptomus sp.) at E2 during low tide indicated a predominant riverine source. The tidal variability of Brachyura (zoea and megalopa) revealed different emergence times that indicated dispersal of zoeas to the adjacent Bay of Bengal and the return of magalopa to the Mahanadi Estuary. Species diversity index was higher during high tide, and prominent at E2. At E1, marine, fresh, marine-brackish, and marine-brackish-fresh zooplankton species dominated during high tide, while brackish-fresh taxa dominated during low tide. Differently, E2 was enriched with marine, marine-brackish, and marine-brackish-fresh taxa during high tide, whereas fresh, brackish-fresh, and marine-fresh dominated during low tide. Salinity and suspended matter influenced the dominant zooplankton taxa at E2 and E1, respectively. Zooplankton assemblages exhibited a pattern of prominent diurnal-spatial variation in comparison to the tidal scale in the Mahanadi Estuary. Overall, this study documented a very high zooplankton diversity (92 taxa belonging to 13 groups) and significant variations in species abundance which highlighted the importance of carrying out sampling over the tidal cycle at contrasting salinity regimes.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Director, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, India, for the encouragement. One of the authors (RR) is thankful to Director, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), for his constant support. Authors express their deep gratitude to Dr. Paula Reis of Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Canada, for her help in editing the manuscript. This is INCOIS contribution no. 415.

Funding

This study has been undertaken as a part of the project entitled “Coastal Monitoring” under the umbrella of “Ocean Services, Modelling, Application, Resources and Technology (O-SMART)” scheme, sanctioned by the Indian Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) vide Administrative Order no. MoES/36/OOIS/CM/2019 dated 07–05-2019. A part of the funding was received from Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)-National Carbon Project—Coastal Carbon Dynamics (NCP-CCD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Hyderabad, 500090, India

    Suchismita Srichandan, Sanjiba Kumar Baliarsingh, Aneesh Anandrao Lotliker & T M Balakrishnan Nair

  2. Present Address, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, 752050, India

    Suchismita Srichandan

  3. Atal Centre for Ocean Science & Technology for Islands, Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Govt. of India, Port Blair, 744103, India

    Biraja Kumar Sahu

  4. National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Hyderabad, 500037, India

    Rajdeep Roy

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  1. Suchismita Srichandan
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  3. Aneesh Anandrao Lotliker
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  4. Biraja Kumar Sahu
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  6. T M Balakrishnan Nair
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Contributions

AAL conceived and conceptualized the study; SS, SKB, AAL, BKS, and RR collected the data; SS and SKB carried out laboratory analysis; SS, SKB, AAL, BKS, and RR interpreted data; SS prepared the first draft of manuscript with critical input of SKB and AAL; SS and SKB prepared the graphical illustrations with substantial input of AAL and RR; TMB, RR, and BKS reviewed, edited, and revised the manuscript; TMB supervised the entire study; AAL, RR, and TMB acquired funding resource. SS and SKB revised the manuscript as per the reviewer’s comments with critical input from AAL. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aneesh Anandrao Lotliker.

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Highlights

• First report of tidal zooplankton dynamics in contrasting salinity regimes

• Catalogued 92 zooplankton taxa belonging to 13 groups indicating higher diversity

• Higher zooplankton abundance during high tide and night irrespective of salinity regimes

• Prominent variability of zooplankton abundance at diurnal scale in the lower estuary

• Prevalence of limnetic taxa in the lower estuary during low tide

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Srichandan, S., Baliarsingh, S.K., Lotliker, A.A. et al. Unravelling tidal effect on zooplankton community structure in a tropical estuary. Environ Monit Assess 193, 362 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09112-z

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