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Optimal implementation of low impact development for urban stormwater quantity and quality control using multi-objective optimization

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Abstract

Stormwater runoff is a major concern in urban areas which is mostly the result of vast urbanization. To reduce urban stormwater runoff and improve water quality, low impact development (LID) is used in urban areas. Therefore, it is vital to find the optimal combination of LID controls to achieve maximum reduction in both stormwater runoff and pollutants with optimal cost. In this study, a simulation–optimization model was developed by linking the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) using MATLAB. The coupled model could carry out multi-objective optimization (MOO) and find potential solutions to the optimization objectives using the SWMM simulation model outputs. The SWMM model was developed using data from the BUNUS catchment in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The total suspended solids (TSS) and total nitrogen (TN) were selected as pollutants to be used in the simulation model. Vegetated swale and rain garden were selected as LID controls for the study area. The LID controls were assigned to the model using the catchment characteristics. The target objectives were to minimize peak stormwater runoff, TSS, and TN with the minimum number of LID controls applications. The LID combination scenarios were also tested in SWMM to identify the best LID types and combination to achieve maximum reduction in both peak runoff and pollutants. This study found that the peak runoff, TSS, and TN were reduced by 13%, 38%, and 24%, respectively. The optimal number of LID controls that could be used at the BUNUS catchment area was also found to be 25.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) and the SMART control center here in Kuala Lumpur to provide the study with the required data. The current research was supported by the grant number, RP013A-15SUS of the University of Malaya. The ArcGIS and MATLAB computations were performed in the Computer Laboratory, Block J, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Abdul Razaq Rezaei

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Zubaidah Ismail

  3. School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan & Mohammad Amin Dayarian

  4. Department of Irrigation & Drainage (DID), 50626, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Abu Hanipah Ramli

  5. Director Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, C308, Level 3, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Sumiani Yusoff

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  1. Abdul Razaq Rezaei
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Rezaei, A.R., Ismail, Z., Niksokhan, M.H. et al. Optimal implementation of low impact development for urban stormwater quantity and quality control using multi-objective optimization. Environ Monit Assess 193, 241 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09010-4

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