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A critical review on geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water: sources, effects, detection, and removal techniques

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Abstract

The exposure to geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in water has caused a negative impact on product reputation and customer distrust. The occurrence of these compounds and their metabolites during drinking water treatment processes has caused different health challenges. Conventional treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination employed in removing these two commonest taste and odor compounds (GSM and 2-MIB) were found to be ineffective and inherent shortcomings. The removal of GSM and MIB were found to be effective using combination of activated carbon and ozonation; however, high treatment cost associated with ozonation technique and poor regeneration efficiency of activated carbon constitute serious setback to the combined system. Other shortcoming of the activated carbon adsorption and ozonation include low adsorption efficiency due to the presence of natural organic matter and humic acid. In light of this background, the review is focused on the sources, effects, environmental pathways, detection, and removal techniques of 2-MIB and GSM from aqueous media. Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were found to be promising to remove the two compounds from water but accompanied with different challenges. Herein, to fill the knowledge gap analysis on these algal metabolites (GSM and 2-MIB), the integration of treatment processes vis-a-viz combination of one or more AOPs with other conventional methods are considered logical to remove these odorous compounds and hence could improve overall water quality.

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Acknowledgements

This study is financiallly supported by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) of Nigeria under grant number TETFUND/FUTMINNA/2017/01. This study is also supported by the Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety (ACEMFS), Federal University of Technology, Minna.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Bosso Campus, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria

    S. Mustapha, J. O. Tijani & MM Ndamitso

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano Campus, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

    A. S. Abdulkareem

  3. Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

    S. Mustapha, J. O. Tijani, MM Ndamitso & A. S. Abdulkareem

  4. Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA

    D. T. Shuaib

  5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, NC, 27707, Durham, USA

    A. K. Mohammed

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Mustapha, S., Tijani, J.O., Ndamitso, M. et al. A critical review on geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water: sources, effects, detection, and removal techniques. Environ Monit Assess 193, 204 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08980-9

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