Study on aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus collected from the contaminated site

Lamba, Jyoti; Anand, Shalini; Dutta, Jayanti; Chatterjee, Soumya; Nagar, Shilpi; Celin, S. Mary; Rai, Pramod Kumar

doi:10.1007/s10661-021-08869-7

Published: 23 January 2021

Study on aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus collected from the contaminated site

Jyoti Lamba^1,2,
Shalini Anand²,
Jayanti Dutta³,
Soumya Chatterjee⁴,
Shilpi Nagar^2,5,
S. Mary Celin² &
Pramod Kumar Rai²

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 193, Article number: 80 (2021) Cite this article

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Abstract

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene or TNT, a commonly used explosive, can pollute soil and groundwater. Conventional remediation practices for the TNT-contaminated sites are neither eco-friendly nor cost-effective. However, exploring bacteria to biodegrade TNT into environment-friendly compound(s) is an interesting area to explore. In this study, an indigenous bacterium, Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus, strain S5-TSA-26, isolated from explosive contaminated soil, was investigated for potential aerobic degradation of TNT for the first time. The isolated strain of P. chlorophenolicus was incubated in a minimal salt medium (MSM) containing 120 mg/L TNT for 25 days at specified conditions. TNT degradation pattern by the bacterium was monitored at regular interval using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometric, by estimating nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium ion concentration and other metabolites such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2-DANT). It was observed that, in the presence of TNT, there was no reduction in growth of the bacterium although it multiplied well in the presence of TNT along with no considerable morphological changes. Furthermore, it was found that TNT degraded completely within 15 days of incubation. Thus, from this study, it may be concluded that the bacterium has the potential for degrading TNT completely with the production of non-toxic by-products and might be an important bacterium for treating TNT (i.e., a nitro-aromatic compound)-contaminated sites.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Shri Rajiv Narang, OS and Director CFEES, DRDO, for his benevolent support and encouragement. SC conveys sincere thanks to the Director, DRL, Tezpur. Thanks are due to Dr. S. Mayilraj and Dr. S. Krishnamurthy, IMTECH Chandigarh, for segregation and classification of microbial culture. We would like to express gratitude to the DST-FIST lab, Dr. Kanwaljit Chopra, HOD, and Ms. Laxmi Kumari, Instrument Operator, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PU, Chandigarh, for helping in instrumentation (HPLC).

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Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
Jyoti Lamba
Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
Jyoti Lamba, Shalini Anand, Shilpi Nagar, S. Mary Celin & Pramod Kumar Rai
Human Resource Development Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
Jayanti Dutta
Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Tezpur, Assam, 784 001, India
Soumya Chatterjee
Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
Shilpi Nagar

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Jyoti Lamba
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Shalini Anand
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Jayanti Dutta
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Soumya Chatterjee
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Shilpi Nagar
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S. Mary Celin
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Pramod Kumar Rai
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Correspondence to Shalini Anand.

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Lamba, J., Anand, S., Dutta, J. et al. Study on aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus collected from the contaminated site. Environ Monit Assess 193, 80 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08869-7

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Received: 09 July 2020
Accepted: 11 January 2021
Published: 23 January 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08869-7

Keywords

TNT
Bioremediation
Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus
2-ADNT
2-DANT
Contaminated sites