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Deciphering pollution vulnerability zones of River Yamuna in relation to existing land use land cover in Panipat, Haryana, India

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 193, Article number: 120 (2021) Cite this article

Abstract

Rivers are one of the major freshwater resources, which provide water for irrigation, domestic, recreational, environmental, and industrial purposes, but they are extremely vulnerable to pollution due to discharge of untreated waste. Establishing the baseline river water quality data is important, so that monitoring changes over time, assessing impacts of particular developmental projects and setting water quality standards for the protection of the river, can be undertaken. In the present study, water quality assessment was done for a segment of Yamuna River passing through Panipat district, Haryana, India. This study is an attempt to know the impact of wastewater generated due to urban and industrial activities taking place in Panipat city and nearby areas, on River Yamuna. Furthermore, vulnerability zone of River Yamuna was delineated using CCME-WQI, NSF-WQI, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The water quality samples were further evaluated for the agricultural and industrial purposes to determine whether the water can be used for irrigation and industrial requirements. The study also considered the existing land use land cover (LULC) on left and right banks of the River Yamuna and the wastewater carrying drain. River Yamuna travels nearly a distance of ≈ 44 Kms in and around Panipat district and the results of the study indicated that nearly 13 Km stretch of River is more vulnerable to pollution. Thus, it is suggested that wastewater discharge regulation, installation of effluent treatments plants, and maintenance of environmental flow are prerequisite to protect and restore the River Yamuna.

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Acknowledgments

Authors express their gratitude to Mr Kuldeep Bisht, Department of Geology and Water and Soil Testing Lab, Central Soil and Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) Karnal. First author is also thankful to the friends Dr. Atinder Pal Kaur, Ms. Pooja Sharma, Mr. Gagandeep Singh, and Mr. Anshul for extending their help during field surveys and sampling.

Funding

This work is funded by the University Grant Commission’s Maulana Azad National Fellowship program.

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  1. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Lakhvinder Kaur & Madhuri S. Rishi

  2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

    Naresh Kumar Arora

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  1. Lakhvinder Kaur
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Kaur, L., Rishi, M.S. & Arora, N.K. Deciphering pollution vulnerability zones of River Yamuna in relation to existing land use land cover in Panipat, Haryana, India. Environ Monit Assess 193, 120 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08832-y

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Keywords

  • River pollution
  • Land use land cover
  • Wastewater
  • Water quality
  • Irrigation
  • Industrial indices