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Estimation of cadmium load from soybeans and soy-based foods for vegetarians

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 192, Article number: 89 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

Soybeans, as legumes, belong among food items that contribute most to the dietary intake of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd). The consumption of soy-based foods may contribute significantly to Cd intake in vegetarians as probably the most frequent consumers of these foods. In this research, the weekly dietary intake of Cd from soy-based foods was investigated in 119 participants (including vegetarians, vegans, and non-vegetarians) in the Czech Republic by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) with personal assistance and the measurement of body weight. Cd content in soy-based foods available on the market was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. Tofu, as the most frequently consumed food item in the vegetarian/vegan group, contributed most to the total dietary Cd intake. It contained 7.6 ± 0.1 μg Cd/kg, while the highest Cd content was observed in tempeh (18.1 ± 0.4 μg/kg). The highest mean dietary Cd intake per week from soy-based foods was 0.4 μg/kg b.w. and was found in the vegan group. The consumption of soy-based foods was the lowest in the non-vegetarian group as was the dietary intake of Cd, which was 0.04 μg/kg b.w. per week.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by Masaryk University (project MUNI/A/1278/2018) and by funds from the Faculty of Medicine MU to junior researcher Ondřej Zvěřina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavlína Kosečková & Ondřej Zvěřina

  2. Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Pruša & Eliška Hrežová

  3. Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavel Coufalík

Authors
  1. Pavlína Kosečková
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  2. Ondřej Zvěřina
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  3. Tomáš Pruša
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  4. Pavel Coufalík
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  5. Eliška Hrežová
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Correspondence to Pavlína Kosečková.

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Kosečková, P., Zvěřina, O., Pruša, T. et al. Estimation of cadmium load from soybeans and soy-based foods for vegetarians. Environ Monit Assess 192, 89 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8034-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8034-7

Keywords

  • Soy product
  • Glycine max
  • Vegan
  • Heavy metal
  • Cadmium intake
  • Cd