Methodological proposal for the allocation of water quality monitoring stations using strategic decision analysis

de Souza Fraga, Micael; da Silva, Demetrius David; Alden Elesbon, Abrahão Alexandre; Soares Guedes, Hugo Alexandre

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7974-2

Published: 28 November 2019

Methodological proposal for the allocation of water quality monitoring stations using strategic decision analysis

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 191, Article number: 776 (2019) Cite this article

421 Accesses
8 Citations
Metrics details

Abstract

In order to fill a gap in the monitoring of water quality in Brazil, the objective of this study was to propose a methodology to support the allocation of water quality monitoring stations in river basins. To achieve this goal, eight criteria were selected and weighted according to their degree of importance. It was taken into account the opinion of water resources management experts. In addition, a decision support system was designed so that the methodology could be used in the allocation of water quality monitoring stations by researchers and management bodies of water resources, to be fully implemented in geographic information system environment. In order to demonstrate the potential of the proposed methodology, which can be used in places that have or not existing monitoring networks, it has been applied in the Minas Gerais portion of the Doce river basin. Because the area already has a monitoring network with 65 stations in operation under the responsibility of the Minas Gerais Water Management Institute (IGAM), an expansion of the network was suggested and a simulation of a scenario was performed considering that the study area did not have an established network. The results of the analyses consisted of maps of suitability, indicating the locations with greater and lesser suitability for the establishment of the stations. With the application of the methodology, seven new sites were proposed so that the study area had the density recommended by the National Water Agency (ANA), and it was verified that the Caratinga River Water Resources Management Unit (UGRH5 Caratinga) has the most deficiency of stations among the six units evaluated in the Minas Gerais portion of the Doce river basin. In the simulated scenario considering the non-existence of a network, the adequacy map obtained was compared with the existing monitoring network and it was possible to classify the stations according to the purpose for which they were established, such as monitoring environments under anthropic activities or establishing benchmarks for the water bodies. Overall, the proposed methodology proved itself robust, and although the results were specific to one basin, the criteria and decision support system used are fully applicable to other areas of study.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

Aires, U. R. V., Santos, B. S. M., Coelho, C. D., da Silva, D. D., & Calijuri, M. L. (2018). Changes in land use and land cover as a result of the failure of a mining tailings dam in Mariana, MG, Brazil. Land Use Policy, 70, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2017.10.026.
Article Google Scholar
Ajorlo, M., Abdullah, R. B., Yusoff, M. K., Halim, R. A., Hanif, A. H. M., Willms, W. D., & Ebrahimian, M. (2013). Multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality of pasture ecosystems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(10), 8649–8658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3201-8.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Al-Adamat, R., Diabat, A., & Shatnawi, G. (2010). Combining GIS with multicriteria decision making for siting water harvesting ponds in Northern Jordan. Journal of Arid Environments, 74(11), 1471–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JARIDENV.2010.07.001.
Article Google Scholar
Alilou, H., Moghaddam Nia, A., Keshtkar, H., Han, D., & Bray, M. (2018). A cost-effective and efficient framework to determine water quality monitoring network locations. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.12.121.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Alwaer, H., & Clements-Croome, D. J. (2010). Key performance indicators (KPIs) and priority setting in using the multi-attribute approach for assessing sustainable intelligent buildings. Building and Environment, 45, 799–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.08.019.
Article Google Scholar
ANA. (2012). Panorama da qualidade das águas superficiais do Brasil. Brasília: Agência Nacional de Águas www.ana.gov.br.
Google Scholar
ANA. (2013a). Cuidando das Águas - Soluções para melhorar a qualidade dos recursos hídricos (2nd ed.) Brasília.
Google Scholar
ANA (2013b) Resolução n^o 903, de 22 de julho de 2013. Cria a Rede Nacional de Monitoramento da Qualidade das Águas Superficiais - RNQA e estabelece suas diretrizes. http://arquivos.ana.gov.br/resolucoes/2013/903-2013.pdf
ANA. (2016). Encarte Especial sobre a Bacia do Rio Doce - Rompimento da Barragem em Mariana/MG. Cunjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil (Vol. 1). :https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
ANA. (2017). Atlas Esgotos: Despoluição de Bacias Hidrográficas. Brasília.
ANA. (2018a). Base hidrográfica Ottocodificada da bacia do rio Doce 1:50.000/1.100.000. Agência Nacional de Águas. http://metadados.ana.gov.br/geonetwork/srv/pt/main.home. Accessed 7 July 2018.
ANA. (2018b). Rede Hidrometeorológica Nacional. Agência Nacional de Águas. http://metadados.ana.gov.br/geonetwork/srv/pt/main.home. Accessed 7 July 2018.
Avila, M., Hora, M., Ávila, C., ALVES, F., Faria, M., & Vieira, M. (2016). Gestão qualitativa dos recursos hídricos. Proposta metodológica para o planejamento de uma rede de estações para monitoramento da qualidade de águas superficiais. Estudo de caso: bacia hidrográfica do Rio Muriaé. Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos, 21(2), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v21n2.p401-415.
Article Google Scholar
Barakat, A., El Baghdadi, M., Rais, J., Aghezzaf, B., & Slassi, M. (2016). Assessment of spatial and seasonal water quality variation of Oum Er Rbia River (Morocco) using multivariate statistical techniques. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(4), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2016.11.002.
Article Google Scholar
Behmel, S., Damour, M., Ludwig, R., & Rodriguez, M. J. (2016). Water quality monitoring strategies — A review and future perspectives. Science of the Total Environment, 571, 1312–1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.06.235.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Blachowski, J. (2015). Methodology for assessment of the accessibility of a brown coal deposit with analytical hierarchy process and weighted linear combination. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(5), 4119–4131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4461-0.
Article Google Scholar
Brasil. (1997) Lei n^o 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997 - Intitiui a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, cria o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos, regulamenta o inciso XIX do art. 21 da Constituição Federal, e altera o art. 1^o da Lei n^o 8.001, de 1. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L9433.htm
Calazans, G. M., Pinto, C. C., da Costa, E. P., Perini, A. F., & Oliveira, S. C. (2018a). Using multivariate techniques as a strategy to guide optimization projects for the surface water quality network monitoring in the Velhas river basin, Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(12), 726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7099-z.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Calazans, G. M., Pinto, C. C., da Costa, E. P., Perini, A. F., & Oliveira, S. C. (2018b). The use of multivariate statistical methods for optimization of the surface water quality network monitoring in the Paraopeba river basin, Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(8), 491–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6873-2.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Calizaya, A., Meixner, O., Bengtsson, L., & Berndtsson, R. (2010). Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Lake Poopo Basin, Bolivia. Water Resources Management, 24(10), 2267–2289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9551-x.
Article Google Scholar
CBH-Doce. (2016a) Deliberação Normativa CBH-Doce n^o 51/2016. http://www.cbhdoce.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Deliberação-051-Ad-Referendum-Aprova-Realocação-do-PAP.pdf
CBH-Doce. (2016b). A bacia do rio Doce. http://www.cbhdoce.org.br/institucional/a-bacia
Chang, C.-L., & Lin, Y.-T. (2014). A water quality monitoring network design using fuzzy theory and multiple criteria analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(10), 6459–6469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3867-6.
Article Google Scholar
Chen, Q., Wu, W., Blanckaert, K., Ma, J., & Huang, G. (2012). Optimization of water quality monitoring network in a large river by combining measurements, a numerical model and matter-element analyses. Journal of Environmental Management, 110, 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2012.05.024.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Cheng, E. W. L., & Li, H. (2002). Construction partnering process and associated critical success factors: quantitative investigation. Journal of Management in Engineering, 18(4), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1061/ASCE0742-597X200218:4194.
Article Google Scholar
Chilundo, M., Kelderman, P., & O’keeffe, J. H. (2008). Design of a water quality monitoring network for the Limpopo River Basin in Mozambique. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 33(8–13), 655–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PCE.2008.06.055.
Article Google Scholar
Costa, E. P., Pinto, C. C., Soares, A. L. C., Melo, L. D. V., & Oliveira, S. M. A. C. (2017). Evaluation of violations in water quality standards in the monitoring network of São Francisco River basin, the third largest in Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(11), 590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6266-y.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Do, H. T., Lo, S.-L., Chiueh, P.-T., & Phan Thi, L. A. (2012). Design of sampling locations for mountainous river monitoring. Environmental Modelling & Software, 27–28, 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVSOFT.2011.09.007.
Article Google Scholar
Dupas, R., Delmas, M., Dorioz, J.-M., Garnier, J., Moatar, F., & Gascuel-Odoux, C. (2015). Assessing the impact of agricultural pressures on N and P loads and eutrophication risk. Ecological Indicators, 48, 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2014.08.007.
CAS Article Google Scholar
ECOPLAN-LUME. (2010). Plano Integrado de Recursos Hídricos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Doce - Volume I.
Elesbon, A. A. A., da Silva, D. D., Sediyama, G. C., Montenegro, A. A. A., Ribeiro, C. A. A. S., & Guedes, H. A. S. (2014a). Proposta metodológica para projeto de redes hidrométricas: parte I- espacialização não tendenciosa dos dados hidrológicos. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 18(9), 980–985. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n09p980-985.
Article Google Scholar
Elesbon, A. A. A., da Silva, D. D., Sediyama, G. C., Montenegro, A. A. A., Ribeiro, C. A. A. S., & Guedes, H. A. S. (2014b). Proposta metodológica para projeto de redes hidrométricas: parte II - exclusão, rearranjo e inclusão de estações. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 18(10), 1023–1030. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n10p1023-1030.
Article Google Scholar
Fraga, M. D. S., Uliana, E. M., da Silva, D. D., Campos, F. B., Calijuri, M. L., de Santos, D. M. S., et al. (2018). Climatic zoning for eucalyptus cultivation through strategic decision analysis. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2119.
Article Google Scholar
IBGE. (2010). Censo Demográfico 2010. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/resultados.html
IGAM. (2016). Qualidade das águas superficiais de Minas Gerais em 2016. Belo Horizonte. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
IGAM. (2017). Relatório de Monitoramento das Águas Superficiais nas Bacias Hidrográficas de Minas Gerais em 2016: Projeto: Sistema de Monitoramento da Qualidade das Águas Superficiais do Estado de Minas Gerais - Águas de Minas. Belo Horizonte.
IGAM. (2018a). Processos de Outorga: Relação de deferidos, indeferidos, cancelados e outros. Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas. http://www.igam.mg.gov.br/outorga. Accessed 7 July 2018.
IGAM. (2018b). Monitoramento de Qualidade das Águas. Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas. http://portalinfohidro.igam.mg.gov.br/monitoramento-de-qualidade-das-aguas. Accessed 7 July 2018.
Kabak, M., Erbaş, M., Çetinkaya, C., & Özceylan, E. (2018). A GIS-based MCDM approach for the evaluation of bike-share stations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 201, 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.08.033.
Article Google Scholar
Karamouz, M., Kerachian, R., Akhbari, M., & Hafez, B. (2009a). Design of river water quality monitoring networks: a case study. Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 14(6), 705–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-008-9172-4.
Article Google Scholar
Karamouz, M., Nokhandan, A. K., Kerachian, R., & Maksimovic, Č. (2009b). Design of on-line river water quality monitoring systems using the entropy theory: a case study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 155(1–4), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0418-z.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Karlsson, C. S. J., Kalantari, Z., Mörtberg, U., Olofsson, B., & Lyon, S. W. (2017). Natural hazard susceptibility assessment for road planning using spatial multi-criteria analysis. Environmental Management, 60(5), 823–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0912-6.
Article Google Scholar
Khalil, B., & Ouarda, T. B. M. J. (2009). Statistical approaches used to assess and redesign surface water-quality-monitoring networks. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11(11), 1915–1929. https://doi.org/10.1039/b909521g.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Kuang, H., Kilgour, D. M., & Hipel, K. W. (2015). Grey-based PROMETHEE II with application to evaluation of source water protection strategies. Information Sciences, 294, 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INS.2014.09.035.
Article Google Scholar
Lorentz, J. F., Calijuri, M. L., Marques, E. G., & Baptista, A. C. (2016). Multicriteria analysis applied to landslide susceptibility mapping. Natural Hazards, 83(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2300-6.
Article Google Scholar
Mahjouri, N., & Kerachian, R. (2011). Revising river water quality monitoring networks using discrete entropy theory: the Jajrood River experience. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 175, 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1512-6.
Article Google Scholar
Memarzadeh, M., Mahjouri, N., & Kerachian, R. (2013). Evaluating sampling locations in river water quality monitoring networks: application of dynamic factor analysis and discrete entropy theory. Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(6), 2577–2585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2299-x.
Article Google Scholar
Mitrović, T., Antanasijević, D., Lazović, S., Perić-Grujić, A., & Ristić, M. (2019). Virtual water quality monitoring at inactive monitoring sites using Monte Carlo optimized artificial neural networks: a case study of Danube River (Serbia). Science of the Total Environment, 654, 1000–1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.11.189.
Article Google Scholar
MMA. (2018). Rodovias federais, estaduais e municipais do Brasil - PNLT 2006. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. http://mapas.mma.gov.br/geonetwork/srv/br/main.home. Accessed 7 July 2018.
Montazar, A., Gheidari, O. N., & Snyder, R. L. (2013). A fuzzy analytical hierarchy methodology for the performance assessment of irrigation projects. Agricultural Water Management, 121, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2013.01.011.
Article Google Scholar
Muangthong, S., & Shrestha, S. (2015). Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: case study of the Nampong River and Songkhram River, Thailand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(9), 548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4774-1.
Article Google Scholar
Muhsin, N., Ahamed, T., & Noguchi, R. (2018). GIS-based multi-criteria analysis modeling used to locate suitable sites for industries in suburban areas in Bangladesh to ensure the sustainability of agricultural lands. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 2(1), 35–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-017-0046-0.
Article Google Scholar
Neji, H. B. B., & Turki, S. Y. (2015). GIS – based multicriteria decision analysis for the delimitation of an agricultural perimeter irrigated with treated wastewater. Agricultural Water Management, 162, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGWAT.2015.08.020.
Article Google Scholar
de Oliveira, D. G., Vargas, R. R., Saad, A. R., Arruda, R. D. O. M., Dalmas, F. B., & Azevedo, F. D. (2018). Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP). Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2131.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Oliveira, K. S. S., & da Quaresma, V. S. (2017). Temporal variability in the suspended sediment load and streamflow of the Doce River. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 78, 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSAMES.2017.06.009.
Article Google Scholar
Oliveira, S. C., Amaral, R. C., de Almeida, K. C. B., & Pinto, C. C. (2017). Qualidade das águas superficiais do Médio São Francisco após a implantação dos perímetros irrigados de Gorutuba/Lagoa Grande e Jaíba. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 22(4), 711–721. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522017136784.
Article Google Scholar
Ouyang, Y. (2005). Evaluation of river water quality monitoring stations by principal component analysis. Water Research, 39(12), 2621–2635. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2005.04.024.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Owusu, S., Mul, M. L., Ghansah, B., Osei-Owusu, P. K., Awotwe-Pratt, V., & Kadyampakeni, D. (2017). Assessing land suitability for aquifer storage and recharge in northern Ghana using remote sensing and GIS multi-criteria decision analysis technique. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 3(4), 1383–1393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0360-6.
Article Google Scholar
Park, S.-Y., Choi, J. H., Wang, S., & Park, S. S. (2006). Design of a water quality monitoring network in a large river system using the genetic algorithm. Ecological Modelling, 199(3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLMODEL.2006.06.002.
Article Google Scholar
Pérez, C. J., Vega-Rodríguez, M. A., Reder, K., & Flörke, M. (2017). A multi-objective artificial bee colony-based optimization approach to design water quality monitoring networks in river basins. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.08.060.
Article Google Scholar
Pessoa, J. O., Orrico, S. R. M., Lordêlo, M. S., Pessoa, J. O., Orrico, S. R. M., & Lordêlo, M. S. (2018). Qualidade da água de rios em cidades do Estado da Bahia. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 23(4), 687–696. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522018166513.
Article Google Scholar
Pourshahabi, S., Talebbeydokhti, N., Rakhshandehroo, G., & Nikoo, M. R. (2018). Spatio-temporal multi-criteria optimization of reservoir water quality monitoring network using value of information and transinformation entropy. Water Resources Management, 32(10), 3489–3504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2003-8.
Article Google Scholar
Romano, G., Dal Sasso, P., Trisorio Liuzzi, G., & Gentile, F. (2015). Multi-criteria decision analysis for land suitability mapping in a rural area of Southern Italy. Land Use Policy, 48, 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2015.05.013.
Article Google Scholar
Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I.
Article Google Scholar
Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences. https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJSSci.2008.01759. Accessed 10 January 2019.
Sánchez-Lozano, J. M., Teruel-Solano, J., Soto-Elvira, P. L., & Socorro García-Cascales, M. (2013). Geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods for the evaluation of solar farms locations: case study in south-eastern Spain. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 544–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.019.
Article Google Scholar
Shahsavari, M. H., & Khamehchi, E. (2018). Optimum selection of sand control method using a combination of MCDM and DOE techniques. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 171, 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PETROL.2018.07.036.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Shrestha, S., & Kazama, F. (2007). Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environmental Modelling and Software, 22(4), 464–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.02.001.
Article Google Scholar
Simeonov, V., Stratis, J. A., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., Anthemidis, A., et al. (2003). Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research, 37(17), 4119–4124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00398-1.
CAS Article Google Scholar
de Souza, M. M., & do Gastaldini, M. C. C. (2014). Avaliação da qualidade da água em bacias hidrográficas com diferentes impactos antrópicos. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 19(3), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-41522014019000001097.
Article Google Scholar
von Sperling, M. (2014). Introdução à qualidade das águas e ao tratamento de esgotos (4th ed.). Belo Horizonte: UFMG.
Google Scholar
Strobl, R. O., & Robillard, P. D. (2008). Network design for water quality monitoring of surface freshwaters: a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 87(4), 639–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2007.03.001.
Article Google Scholar
Tang, Z., Yi, S., Wang, C., & Xiao, Y. (2018). Incorporating probabilistic approach into local multi-criteria decision analysis for flood susceptibility assessment. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 32(3), 701–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-017-1431-y.
Article Google Scholar
Telci, I. T., Nam, K., Guan, J., & Aral, M. M. (2009). Optimal water quality monitoring network design for river systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(10), 2987–2998. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2009.04.011.
Article Google Scholar
Varekar, V., Karmakar, S., & Jha, R. (2016). Seasonal rationalization of river water quality sampling locations: a comparative study of the modified Sanders and multivariate statistical approaches. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(3), 2308–2328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5349-y.
Article Google Scholar
Varekar, V., Karmakar, S., Jha, R., & Ghosh, N. C. (2015). Design of sampling locations for river water quality monitoring considering seasonal variation of point and diffuse pollution loads. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(6), 376–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4583-6.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Vargas, R. R., Barros, M. D. S., Saad, A. R., Arruda, R. D. O. M., & Azevedo, F. D. (2018). Assessment of the water quality and trophic state of the Ribeirão Guaraçau Watershed, Guarulhos (SP): a comparative analysis between rural and urban areas. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, 13(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2170.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Villacreses, G., Gaona, G., Martínez-Gómez, J., & Jijón, D. J. (2017). Wind farms suitability location using geographical information system (GIS), based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods: the case of continental Ecuador. Renewable Energy, 109, 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2017.03.041.
Article Google Scholar
Walker, D., Jakovljević, D., Savić, D., & Radovanović, M. (2015). Multi-criterion water quality analysis of the Danube River in Serbia: a visualisation approach. Water Research, 79, 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2015.03.020.
CAS Article Google Scholar
Weng, S. Q., Huang, G. H., & Li, Y. P. (2010). An integrated scenario-based multi-criteria decision support system for water resources management and planning – a case study in the Haihe River Basin. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(12), 8242–8254. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESWA.2010.05.061.
Article Google Scholar
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8, 338–353 https://www.robertmarks.org/Classes/ENGR5358/Papers/Zadeh1965/ZadehPaper65.pdf. Accessed 12 January 2019.
Article Google Scholar
Zambon, K. L., de Carneiro, A. A. F. M., da Silva, A. N. R., & Negri, J. C. (2005). Análise de decisão multicritério na localização de usinas termoelétricas utilizando SIG. Pesquisa Operacional, 25(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-74382005000200002.
Article Google Scholar

Download references

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian Agencies CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and Fapemig (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais) for its financial support during the research development.

Author information

Affiliations

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
Micael de Souza Fraga & Demetrius David da Silva
Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, IFES, Colatina, ES, 29700-558, Brazil
Abrahão Alexandre Alden Elesbon
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-020, Brazil
Hugo Alexandre Soares Guedes

Authors

Micael de Souza Fraga
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Demetrius David da Silva
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Abrahão Alexandre Alden Elesbon
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Hugo Alexandre Soares Guedes
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Micael de Souza Fraga.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Souza Fraga, M., da Silva, D.D., Alden Elesbon, A.A. et al. Methodological proposal for the allocation of water quality monitoring stations using strategic decision analysis. Environ Monit Assess 191, 776 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7974-2

Download citation

Received: 02 May 2019
Accepted: 13 November 2019
Published: 28 November 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7974-2

Keywords

Brazilian watershed
Monitoring network
Multi-criteria decision analysis
Water pollution