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Potential generation sites of internal solitary waves and their propagation characteristics in the Andaman Sea—a study based on MODIS true-colour and SAR observations

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Abstract

The presence of large-amplitude Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs or solitons) is quite common in the Andaman Sea, located in the north-eastern Indian Ocean basin. ISWs are known to induce strong vertical velocities which can play an essential role in the mixing transport of nutrients and are proven hazardous to offshore oil platforms. The surface signatures of ISWs can be detected using remote sensing instruments like Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and sunglint true-colour images. The present study makes an effort to delineate as well as detect the possible potential generation locations of mode-1 long living ISWs in the Andaman Sea using remote sensing observations. To accomplish this, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true-colour images of Terra/Aqua satellites for the months of March and April during 2014–2016 are used to map the distribution and propagation characteristics of ISWs. These maps along with SAR imgaes from ENVISAT and TerraSAR-X are used to detect the possible generation locations of ISWs. The study considers the possible generation location of ISW as the circumcentre of each wave packet as they radially propagate along a two-dimensional frame. The analysis reveals five potential ISW generation hotspots that are distributed along the Northern Andaman Sea, as well as locations in the discontinuities off the Nicobar Islands and the great passage. The ISWs that form over these regions are hitting the continental shelf within the Andaman Sea. Interestingly, the waves from two potential generation sites between the Nicobar Islands appear to radiate waves in two opposite directions, towards the Andaman Sea and the southern Bay of Bengal.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are very thankful to the European Space Agency, German Aerospace Centre, and Airbus Defence and Space for providing the synthetic-aperture radar data. MODIS imagery is a courtesy of NASA through NASA Worldview.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

    Nadimpalli Jithendra Raju, Mihir K. Dash & Subhra Prakash Dey

  2. Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

    Prasad K. Bhaskaran

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  1. Nadimpalli Jithendra Raju
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  2. Mihir K. Dash
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  3. Subhra Prakash Dey
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  4. Prasad K. Bhaskaran
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Correspondence to Mihir K. Dash.

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Raju, N., Dash, M.K., Dey, S.P. et al. Potential generation sites of internal solitary waves and their propagation characteristics in the Andaman Sea—a study based on MODIS true-colour and SAR observations. Environ Monit Assess 191 (Suppl 3), 809 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7705-8

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