Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Interaction of abiotic factor on soil CO2 efflux in three forest communities in tropical deciduous forest from India

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Environmental factors along with soil physico-chemical properties play a significant role on the diurnal trend of soil CO2 efflux. Soil CO2 efflux in Indian tropical forests is poorly studied. We studied the soil CO2 efflux in a representative tropical deciduous forest at Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh. The three forest communities namely dry mixed (DMF), Sal mixed (SMF), and Teak plantation (TPF) were selected for measuring soil CO2 efflux in the summer season during April to May 2017 using automated LI-COR 8100 soil CO2 flux system. Soil physico-chemical parameters were also studied in the three abovementioned forest communities. We also measured the different microclimatic variables at forest understorey in all three communities during the summer season. Total day time soil CO2 efflux of 826.70, 1089.24, and 828.94 (μmolCO2 m−2d−1) was observed in TPF, SMF, and DMF respectively. Soil CO2 efflux observed significant differences (P < 0.01) among the three forest communities studied for the summer season in tropical deciduous forest of Terai Himalaya. Average soil CO2 efflux rate (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) of 4.06 ± 0.36, 5.03 ± 0.45, and 4.37 ± 0.79 was observed in TPF, SMF, and DMF, respectively, which is positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) and water holding capacity (WHC) among soil physico-chemical variables. Among microclimatic variables, soil temperature (ST, °C) and air temperature (AT, °C) observed strong positive correlation with day time soil CO2 efflux in all three communities. Significant increase in soil CO2 flux was observed with increasing air and soil temperature (AT and ST) in DMF and SMF. Maximum TOC of 19.23 g Kg−1 was observed in SMF among all communities in the summer season. The result showed that soil CO2 efflux is closely associated with TOC, WHC, AT, and ST for Indian deciduous forest ecosystems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acosta, M., Darenova, E., Krupková, L., & Pavelka, M. (2018). Seasonal and inter-annual variability of soil CO2 efflux in a Norway spruce forest over an eight-year study. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 256, 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahirwal, J., Maiti S.K. & Singh A. K. (2017). Changes in ecosystem carbon pool and soil CO2 flux following post-mine reclamation in dry tropical environment. India Science of the Total Environment, 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.043.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Almagro, M., López, J., Querejeta, J., & Martínez-Mena, M. (2009). Temperature dependence of soil CO2 efflux is strongly modulated by seasonal patterns of moisture availability in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(3), 594–605.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J., & Ingram, J. (1993). A handbook of methods (p. 221). Wallingford: CAB International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrew, N. P., Barrett, J. E., Diana, H. W., & Ross, A. V. (2004). Soil carbon dioxide flux in Antarctic dry valley ecosystems. Ecosystems, 7, 286–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora, P., & Chaudhry, S. (2017). Dependency of rate of soil respiration on soil parameters and climatic factors in different tree plantations at Kurukshetra, India. Tropical Ecology, 58(3), 573–581 ISSN 0564-3295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arshad, M. A., Lowery, B., & Grossman, B. (1996). Physical tests for monitoring soil quality. Methods for assessing soil quality (pp. 123-141). Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 49, USA.

  • Bajpai, O., Kumar, A., Mishra, A. K., Sahu, N., Behera, S. K., & Chaudhary, L. B. (2012). Phenological study of two dominant tree species in tropical moist deciduous forest from the Northern India. International Journal of Botany, 8(2), 66–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behera, S. K., Mishra, A. K., Sahu, N., Kumar, A., Singh, N., Kumar, A., & Tuli, R. (2012). The study of microclimate in response to different plant community association in tropical moist deciduous forest from northern India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(5), 1159–1176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berisso, F. E., Schjønning, P., Keller, T., Lamandé, M., Simojoki, A., Iversen, B. V., & Forkman, J. (2013). Gas transport and subsoil pore characteristics: anisotropy and long-term effects of compaction. Geoderma, 195, 184–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-Canqui, H. (2010). Energy crops and their implications on soil and environment. Agronomy Journal, 102(2), 403–419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavaleri, M. A., Reed, S. C., Smith, W. K., & Wood, T. E. (2015). Urgent need for warming experiments in tropical forests. Global Change Biology, 21(6), 2111–2121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, J. Q., Tribuzy, E. S., Toledo, L. C., Crispim, B. F., Higuchi, N., Santos, J. D., & Trumbore, S. E. (2004). Respiration from a tropical forest ecosystem: partitioning of sources and low carbon use efficiency. Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 72–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan, D., Dhanai, C., Singh, B., Chauhan, S., Todaria, N., & Khalid, M. (2008). Regeneration and tree diversity in natural and planted forests in a Terai-Bhabhar forest in Katarniaghat wildlife sanctuary, India. Tropical Ecology, 49(1), 53–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Saunders, S. C., Crow, T. R., Naiman, R. J., Brosofske, K. D., Mroz, G. D., & Franklin, J. F. (1999). Microclimate in forest ecosystem and landscape ecology: variations in local climate can be used to monitor and compare the effects of different management regimes. BioScience, 49(4), 288–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Falk, M., Euskirchen, E., Paw, U., U, K. T., Suchanek, T. H., Ustin, S. L., & Bi, R. (2002). Biophysical controls of carbon flows in three successional Douglas-fir stands based on eddy-covariance measurements. Tree Physiology, 22(2-3), 169–177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, C. C., & Townsend, A. R. (2006). Nutrient additions to a tropical rain forest drive substantial soil carbon dioxide losses to the atmosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(27), 10316–10321.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho, L. M., & Lamberti, A. (1971). Respiração Edáfica e Produtividade Primária numa Comunidade Amazônica de Mata de Terra-firme. Ciência e Cultura, 23, 411–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, S., Ganguly, D., Ray, R., Jana, T. K., & De, T. K. (2017). Microbial activity determining soil CO2 emission in the Sundarban mangrove forest, India. Tropical Ecology, 58(3), 525–537.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, E. A., Verchot, L. V., Cattanio, J. H., Ackerman, I. L., & Carvalho, J. (2000). Effects of soil water content on soil respiration in forests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia. Biogeochemistry, 48(1), 53–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, E. A., Savage, K., Bolstad, P., Clark, D. A., Curtis, P. S., Ellsworth, D. S., Hanson, P. J., Law, B. E., Luo, Y., Pregitzer, K. S., Randolph, J. C., & Zak, D. (2002). Belowground carbon allocation in forests estimated from litter fall and IRGA-based soil respiration measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113, 39–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devi, N. B., & Yadava, P. S. (2008). Emission of CO2 from soil in a subtropical mixed oak forest of Manipur, North-eastern India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 34(3), 293–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devi, M. D., & Yadava, P.S. (2015). Abiotic factor influences soil carbon dioxide flux in the sub-tropical forest, Manipur, NE India. International Journal ofScientific Research, 4(5), 3-5.

  • Doff Sotta, E., Meir, P., Malhi, Y., Donato Nobre, A., Hodnett, M., & Grace, J. (2004). Soil CO2 efflux in a tropical forest in the central Amazon. Global Change Biology, 10(5), 601–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epron, D., Farque, L., Lucot, É., & Badot, P.-M. (1999). Soil CO2 efflux in a beech forest: dependence on soil temperature and soil water content. Annals of Forest Science, 56(3), 221–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epron, D., Ngao, J., & Granier, A. (2004). Interannual variation of soil respiration in a beech forest ecosystem over a six-year study. Annals of Forest Science, 61(6), 499-505.

  • Evanylo, G. K., & McGuinn, R. (2000). Agricultural management practices and soil quality: measuring, assessing, and comparing laboratory and field test kit indicators of soil quality atributes. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech University, Publication 452-400.

  • Fan, S. M., Wofsy, S. C., Bakwin, P. S., Jacob, D. J., & Fitzjarrald, D. R. (1990). Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2 and O3 in the central Amazon forest. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 95(D10), 16851–16864.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goulden, M. L., Miller, S. D., Da Rocha, H. R., Menton, M. C., de Freitas, H. C., Silva Figueira, A. M., & de Sousa, C. A. D. (2004). Diel and seasonal patterns of tropical forest CO2 exchange. Ecological Applications, 14(sp4), 42–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • IGBP Terrestrial Carbon Working Group (1998). The terrestrial carbon cycle: implications for the Kyoto Protocol.

  • Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A., & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9.

  • Hanson, P., Edwards, N., Garten, C. T., & Andrews, J. (2000). Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: a review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry, 48(1), 115–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson, D. S., Adams, D., & Wild, A. (1991). Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming. Nature, 351(6324), 304–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jha, R. (2000). Management plan of Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (2000–2001 to 2009–2010). Uttar Pradesh: Wildlife Preservation Organisation. Forest Department.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kätterer, T., Reichstein, M., Andrén, O., & Lomander, A. (1998). Temperature dependence of organic matter decomposition: a critical review using literature data analyzed with different models. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 27(3), 258–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keen, B. A., & Raczkowski, H. (1921). The relation between the clay content and certain physical properties of a soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(4), 441–449.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keith, H., Jacobsen, K., & Raison, R. (1997). Effects of soil phosphorus availability, temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest. Plant and Soil, 190(1), 127–141.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kepler, S., Volkoff, B., Cerri, C. C., Chone, T., Luizão, F., & Eduardo, B. P. (1990). Respiração do solo: comparação entre áreas com mata natural, mata recém queimada e pastagem, na Amazônia central. Geochimica Brasiliensis, 4(2), 111-118.

  • Koizumi, H., Kontturi, M., Mariko, S., Nakadai, T., Bekku, Y., & Mela, T. (1999). Soil respiration in three soil types in agricultural ecosystems in Finland. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Plant Soil Science, 49(2), 65–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landsberg, J. J., & Gower, S. T. (1997). Applications of physiological ecology to forest management. Elsevier.

  • Lee, H., Schuur, E. A., & Vogel, J. G. (2006). Soil carbon dioxide fluxes in subarctic tundra where permafrost is thawing. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2006, Abstract id GC51A-0440.

  • Lewis, S. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Sonké, B., Affum-Baffoe, K., Baker, T. R., Ojo, L. O., & Comiskey, J. A. (2009). Increasing carbon storage in intact African tropical forests. Nature, 457(7232), 1003–1006.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, N., Teramoto, M., Takagi, M., & Zeng, J. (2017). High-resolution data on the impact of warming on soil CO2 efflux from an Asian monsoon forest. Scientific Data, 4, 170026.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logsdon, S. D., & Karlen, D. L. (2004). Bulk density as a soil quality indicator during conversion to no-tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 78(2), 143–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luan, J., Liu, S., Zhu, X., Wang, J., & Liu, K. (2012). Roles of biotic and abiotic variables in determining spatial variation of soil respiration in secondary oak and planted pine forests. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 44, 143–150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y., & Zhou, X. (2006). Soil respiration and the environment. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press 316 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malhi, Y., Silman, M., Salinas, N., Bush, M., Meir, P., & Saatchi, S. (2010). Introduction: elevation gradients in the tropics: laboratories for ecosystem ecology and global change research. Global Change Biology, 16(12), 3171–3175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mande, H. K., Abdullah, A. M., Aris, A. Z., & Ainuddin, A. N. (2015). Factors responsible for spatial and temporal variation of soil CO2 efflux in a 50 year recovering tropical forest, Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(9), 5559–5569.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins, F. R., & Matthes, L. A. F. (1978). Respiração edáfica e nutrientes na Amazônia (Região de Manaus): floresta arenícola, campinarana e campina. Acta Amazonica, 8(2), 233–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medina, E., Klinge, H., Jordan, C., & Herrera, R. (1980). Soil respiration in Amazonian rain forests in the Rio Negro Basin. Flora, 170(3), 240–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meir, P. (1996). Soil respiration in a rainforest in Amazonia and in cerrado in central Brazil. Amazonian deforestation and climate. Wiley.

  • Mo, W. H., Lee, M. S., Uchida, M., Inatomi, M., Saigusa, N., Mariko, S., & Koizumi, H. (2005). Seasonal and annual variations in soil respiration in a cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 134, 81–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngao, J., Epron, D., Delpierre, N., Bréda, N., Granier, A., & Longdoz, B. (2012). Spatial variability of soil CO2 efflux linked to soil parameters and ecosystem characteristics in a temperate beech forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 154, 136–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nsabimana, D., Klemedtson, L., Kaplin, B., & Wallin, G. (2009). Soil CO2 flux in six monospecific forest plantations in Southern Rwanda. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(2), 396–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, L. W., Santos, P. F., Phillips, J., & Whitford, W. G. (1984). Carbon and nitrogen dynamics during the decomposition of litter and roots of a Chihuahuan desert annual, Lepidium lasiocarpum. Ecological Monographs, 54(3), 339–360.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pendall, E., Bridgham, S., Hanson, P. J., Hungate, B., Kicklighter, D. W., Johnson, D. W., & Olsrud, M. (2004). Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models. New Phytologist, 162(2), 311–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich, J. W., & Schlesinger, W. H. (1992). The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus B, 44(2), 81–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich, J. W., & Tufekciogul, A. (2000). Vegetation and soil respiration: correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry, 48(1), 71–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, S. C., Cleveland, C. C., & Townsend, A. R. (2008). Tree species control rates of free-living nitrogen fixation in a tropical rain forest. Ecology, 89(10), 2924–2934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, J. D. (1982). Cation Exchange Capacity 1. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America (pp. 149-157).https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. P., Dale, V. H., Doering, O. C., Hamburg, S. P., Melillo, J. M., Wander, M. M., & Cruse, R. M. (2008). Sustainable biofuels redux. Science, 322(5898), 49–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, W. A., & Panwar, H. S. (1988). Planning a wildlife protected area network in India. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

  • Salimon, C., Davidson, E., Victoria, R., & Melo, A. (2004). CO2 flux from soil in pastures and forests in southwestern Amazonia. Global Change Biology, 10(5), 833–843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayer, J., Campbell, B., Petheram, L., Aldrich, M., Perez, M. R., Endamana, D., & Doggart, N. (2007). Assessing environment and development outcomes in conservation landscapes. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(9), 2677–2694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, W. H. (1977). Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8(1), 51–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwendenmann, L., & Macinnis-Ng, C. (2016). Soil CO2 efflux in an old-growth southern conifer forest (Agathis australis)–magnitude, components and controls. Soil, 2(3), 403–419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwendenmann, L., Veldkamp, E., Brenes, T., O’Brien, J. J., & Mackensen, J. (2003). Spatial and temporal variation in soil CO2 efflux in an old-growth neotropical rain forest, La Selva, Costa Rica. Biogeochemistry, 64(1), 111–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, P.-L., Zhang, X.-Z., Zhong, Z.-M., & Ouyang, H. (2006). Diurnal and seasonal variability of soil CO2 efflux in a cropland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 137(3-4), 220–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S. (2007). The physical science basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate change 2007, 996, Cambridge University Press.

  • Souza, J. S. D. (2004). Dinamica espacial e temporal do fluxo de CO2 do solo em floresta de terra firme na amazonia central. Master Thesis, Universidad Federal do Amazonas, Manaus.

  • Sundarapandian, S. M., & Dar, J. A. (2013). Variation in soil CO2 efflux in Pinus wallichiana and Abies pindrow temperate forests of Western Himalayas, India. Journal of Forest Research, 3, 116. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, N., Hamazaki, T., & Vacharangkura, T. (1998). Distribution, growth and site requirements of teak. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 32, 65-77.

  • Thomas, G. W. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3-Chemical Methods (pp. 475–490). Madison, WI. Soil Science Society of America Book Series 5.

  • Tripathi, K., & Singh, B. (2009). Species diversity and vegetation structure across various strata in natural and plantation forests in Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, North India. Tropical Ecology, 50(1), 191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trumbore, S. E., Davidson, E. A., Barbosa de Camargo, P., Nepstad, D. C., & Martinelli, L. A. (1995). Belowground cycling of carbon in forests and pastures of Eastern Amazonia. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(4), 515–528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valentini, C. M. A., Sanches, L., de Paula, S. R., Vourlitis, G. L., de Souza Nogueira, J., Pinto, O. B., & de Almeida Lobo, F. (2008). Soil respiration and aboveground litter dynamics of a tropical transitional forest in northwest Mato Grosso, Brazil. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113 G00B10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valverde-Barrantes, O. J. (2007). Relationships among litterfall, fine-root growth, and soil respiration for five tropical tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 37(10), 1954–1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Yang, J., & Zhang, Q. (2006). Soil respiration in six temperate forests in China. Global Change Biology, 12(11), 2103–2114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wangdi, N., Mayer, M., Nirola, M. P., Zangmo, N., Orong, K., Ahmed, I. U., Darabant, A., Jandl, R., Gratzer, G., & Schindlbacher, A. (2017). Soil CO2 efflux from two mountain forests in the eastern Himalayas, Bhutan: components and controls. Biogeosciences, 14, 99–110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wen-De, Y., Wang-Ming, X., Xiao-Yong, C., Da-Lun, T., Yuan-Ying, P., Wei, Z., & Jie, X. (2014). Soil CO2 flux in different types of forests under a subtropical microclimatic environment. Pedosphere, 24(2), 243–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widén, B., & Majdi, H. (2001). Soil CO2 efflux and root respiration at three sites in a mixed pine and spruce forest: seasonal and diurnal variation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31(5), 786–796.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wofsy, S. C., Harriss, R. C., & Kaplan, W. A. (1988). Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the Amazon basin. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 93(D2), 1377–1387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, M., & Qi, Y. (2001). Soil-surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California. Global Change Biology, 7(6), 667–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuste, J. C., Janssens, I. A., Carrara, A., Meiresonne, L., & Ceulemans, R. (2003). Interactive effects of temperature and precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate maritime pine forest. Tree Physiology, 23, 1263–1270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanchi, F. B., Waterloo, M. J., Kruijt, B., Kesselmeier, J., Luizão, F. J., Manzi, A. O., & Dolman, A. J. (2012). Soil CO2 efflux in central Amazonia: environmental and methodological effects. Acta Amazonica, 42(2), 173–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L. H., Chen, Y. N., Zhao, R. F., & Li, W. H. (2010). Significance of temperature and soil water content on soil respiration in three desert ecosystems in Northwest China. Journal of Arid Environments, 74, 1200–1211.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Director, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India, for providing necessary facilities and encouragement. The first author sincerely acknowledges the financial support by Department of Sciences and Technology, New Delhi, under Women Scientist Scheme-A. Dr. Nayan Sahu (CSIR-SRF), Dr. N. Manika (National PDF, SERB, DST), and Mr. Shiv Naresh Singh, SRF (Project), are also acknowledged for their assistance in the field measurements and helping in analyzing the data. Thanks are also due to PCCF (Wildlife), Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, and CCF cum Field Director (Dudhwa National Park), Bahraich, for granting permission to carry out the research and facilities to visit the area. All authors also sincerely thanks the two anonymous reviewers and Editors for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving the quality of the study.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the CSIR, New Delhi, under BSC-0109.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India

    Shruti Mishra, L. B. Chaudhary & Soumit K. Behera

  2. Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India

    Shruti Mishra, M. K. Jain & Vipin Kumar

Authors
  1. Shruti Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. B. Chaudhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. K. Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Vipin Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Soumit K. Behera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soumit K. Behera.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Terrestrial and Ocean Dynamics: India Perspective

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mishra, S., Chaudhary, L.B., Jain, M.K. et al. Interaction of abiotic factor on soil CO2 efflux in three forest communities in tropical deciduous forest from India. Environ Monit Assess 191 (Suppl 3), 796 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7689-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7689-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation