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A 1-year greenhouse gas budget of a peatland exposed to long-term nutrient infiltration and altered hydrology: high carbon uptake and methane emission

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 191, Article number: 533 (2019) Cite this article

Abstract

Long-term increased nutrient influx into normally nutrient-limited peatlands in combination with altered hydrological conditions may threaten a peatland’s carbon storage function and affect its greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. However, in situ studies on the effects of long-term altered conditions on peatland functioning and GHG budgets are scarce. We thus quantified GHG fluxes in a peatland exposed to enhanced water level fluctuations and long-term nutrient infiltration in Ontario, Canada, via eddy-covariance and flux chamber measurements. The peatland was a prominent sink of − 680 ± 202 g carbon dioxide (CO2) and a source of 22 ± 8 g methane (CH4) m−2 year−1, resulting in a negative radiative forcing of − 80 g CO2 eq. m−2 y−1. During the growing season CH4 fluxes were constantly high (0.1 g m−2 s−1). Further, on three dates, we measured nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and observed a small flux of 2.2 mg m−2 day−1 occurring during the thawing period. Taking the studied ecosystem as a model system for other peatlands exposed to long-term increased nutrient infiltration and enhanced water level fluctuations, our data suggest that such peatlands can maintain their carbon storage function and CO2 sequestration may outweigh emissions of CH4.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted as part of the project entitled “Impact of long-term wetting on carbon cycling and climate change feedback in a northern temperate bog” granted by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (BL563/21-1) to C. Blodau and the project SASCHA (“Sustainable land management and adaptation strategies to climate change for the Western Siberian grain belt”) granted by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within their Sustainable Land Management funding framework (reference 01LL0906D) to O. Klemm. We are grateful for the funding. Furthermore, we thank M. Neumann from the Grand River Conservation Authority for the permission to carry out this research in the Luther Marsh Wildlife Management Area. We also thank J. Forsyth, P. Smith, and L. Wing for helping us with organizational and technical support. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of the eddy-covariance gap-filling tool by the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry. We very much acknowledge the provision of the equipment for N2O-flux measurements by G. Gebauer (BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany). We thank I. Spangenberg, L. Pretzel, I.B. Biro, M. Rammo, F. Benninghoff, and N. Vickus who were of great assistance to us during closed-chamber measurement campaign days in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Sina Berger, Christian Blodau, Magdalena Burger, Marie Goebel & Klaus-Holger Knorr

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

    Sina Berger, Christian Blodau, Magdalena Burger, Marie Goebel & Claudia Wagner-Riddle

  3. Regional Climate Systems Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

    Sina Berger

  4. Climatology Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Elisa Braeckevelt & Otto Klemm

  5. Division Monitoring, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany

    Elisa Braeckevelt

Author notes

  1. Christian Blodau is deceased. This paper is dedicated to his memory.

    • Christian Blodau

  2. Sina Berger and Elisa Braeckevelt should be considered first authors as they equally shared writing most of this article

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    Berger, S., Braeckevelt, E., Blodau, C. et al. A 1-year greenhouse gas budget of a peatland exposed to long-term nutrient infiltration and altered hydrology: high carbon uptake and methane emission. Environ Monit Assess 191, 533 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7639-1

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    Keywords

    • Eddy covariance
    • Gas flux chambers
    • Greenhouse gas balance
    • Peatland
    • Environmental alteration
    • Carbon cycle