Abstract
Palestine, being a developing country, faces lots of obstacles and deficiencies in the existing solid waste management (SWM) field. In wake of these circumstances, it seems hard for the public sector to run sustainable SWM systems. The overall objective of the research presented in this paper was to study the current status of the SWM field in the West Bank of Palestine under the perspective of potential private sector involvement. For this purpose, twelve Joint Service Councils (JSCs) for solid waste management were investigated. Out of them, only two are currently having a Public–Private Partnership (PPP) contract for the management and operation of the transfer station and the sanitary landfill. On the other hand, two JSCs are currently making arrangements and implementing studies for future PPPs on waste-to-energy, biowaste management and recycling projects. Jenin and Tubas Joint Service Council (JSC) had 3-month-duration PPP contract for the implementation of a recycling project, which is a worst case scenario as it failed to meet its objectives. The parameters that could encourage JSCs or ease the implementation of PPP in local SWM field are analysed. Overall conclusion is that sustainability can be accelerated once the government—represented by the Ministry of Local Government (MoLG)—is involved; providing legal support to local authorities and incentives to potential contractors in order to encourage them to join PPPs. Parameters that are believed to facilitate PPPs include the following: development or updating existing laws and regulations, facilitation of licensing procedures, and activation of the Investment Promotion Law. Feasibility and market analysis study implementation will indicate the appropriate actions required locally to achieve environmental and financial sustainability in all contracted PPPs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- PPP:
-
Public–private partnership
- DC:
-
Developing country
- JCS:
-
Joint service council
- LGU:
-
Local government units
- MoLG:
-
Ministry of local government
- MSW:
-
Municipal solid waste
- SWM:
-
Solid waste management
References
Ahmed, S. A., & Ali, M. (2004). Partnerships for solid waste management in developing countries: linking theories to realities. Habitat International, 28(3), 467–479.
Ahmed, S. A., & Ali, S. M. (2006). People as partners: facilitating people's participation in public–private partnerships for solid waste management. Habitat International, 30(4), 781–796.
Aliu, I. R., Adeyemi, O. E., & Adebayo, A. (2014). Municipal household solid waste collection strategies in an African megacity: analysis of public private partnership performance in Lagos. Waste Management & Research, 32(9), 67–78.
Al-Khateeb, A. J., Al-Sari, M. I., Al-Khatib, I. A., & Anayah, F. (2017). Factors affecting the sustainability of solid waste management system—the case of Palestine. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(2), 93.
Al-Khatib, I. A., Arafat, H. A., Basheer, T., Shawahneh, H., Salahat, A., Eid, J., & Ali, W. (2007). Trends and problems of solid waste management in developing countries: a case study in seven Palestinian districts. Waste Management, 27(12), 1910–1919.
Al-Khatib, I. A., Monou, M., Zahra, A. S. F. A., Shaheen, H. Q., & Kassinos, D. (2010). Solid waste characterization, quantification and management practices in developing countries. a case study: Nablus district—Palestine. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(5), 1131–1138.
Applied Research Institute—Jerusalem (ARIJ) (2015). Status of the environment in the State of Palestine. Report, Bethlehem, Palestine. Retrieved on December 10th, 2018 from: https://www.arij.org/files/arijadmin/2016/SOER_2015_final.pdf.
Cointreau-Levine, S. (1994). Private sector participation in municipal solid waste services in developing countries (Vol. 1). Washington DC: World Bank.
European Commission (2014). Towards a circular economy: a zero waste programme for Europe. Retrieved on January 20, 2019 from: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/pdf/circular-economy-communication.pdf.
Forsyth, T. (2005). Building deliberative public–private partnerships for waste management in Asia. Geoforum, 36(4), 429–439.
German Cooperation (GIZ) 2014). Country report on the solid waste management in Occupied Palestinian Territories. Retrieved on December 15th, 2018 from: http://www.environment.pna.ps/ar/files/Country%20report%20on%20the%20solid%20waste%20management.pdf.
Gradus, R., Dijkgraaf, E., & Wassenaar, M. (2014). Understanding mixed forms of refuse collection, privatization, and its reverse in the Netherlands. International Public Management Journal, 17(3), 328–343.
Holmes, J. R. (1983). The private sector in waste management in the U.K. (a new partnership with the public authorities). Waste Management & Research, 1(3), 267–270.
Kattoua, M. G., Al-Khatib, I. A., & Kontogianni, S. (2019). Barriers on the propagation of household solid waste recycling practices in developing countries: State of Palestine example. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00833-5.
Katusiimeh, M. W., Mol, A. P. J., & Burger, K. (2012). The operations and effectiveness of public and private provision of solid waste collection services in Kampala. Habitat International, 36, 247–252.
Khatib, I.A. (2011). Municipal solid waste management in developing countries: future challenges and possible opportunities. In Integrated waste management-volume II. InTech. Open access peer-reviewed chapter. https://doi.org/10.5772/16438.
Marconsin, A. F., & Rosa, D. S. (2012). A comparison of two models for dealing with urban solid waste: management by contract and management by public–private partnership. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 74, 115–123.
Ministry of Local Government (MoLG) (2017a). Conclusion and recommendations of the Joint Services Council assessment report. Ramallah, Palestine.
Ministry of Local Government (MoLG) (2017b). National strategy for Solid Waste Management in Palestine, 2018–2022. Ramallah, Palestine.
Mohan, G., Sinha, U. K., & Lal, M. (2016). Managing of solid waste through public private partnership model. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 158–168.
Muneera, M.N.F. (2012). Public-private partnership (PPP) in solid waste management: literature review of experiences from developing countries with special attention to Sri Lanka. Retrieved on October 15, 2018 from: https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/265466/617746_FULLTEXT01.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
New Vision (2009). Study of public private partnership in the municipalities. The Municipal Development and Lending Fund, Ramallah. Retrieved on November 17, 2018 from: http://www.mdlf.org.ps/Files/Docs/Study%20of%20Public%20Private%20Partnership.pdf.
Quium, A. (2011). A guidebook on public–private partnership in infrastructure. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), United Nations. Retrieved on November 12, 2018 from: http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/ppp_guidebook.pdf.
Ridolfi, R. (2004). Resource book on PPP case studies (p. 74). Brussels: European Commission for Regional Policy.
Schlueter, R. (2017). Solid waste management in the developing world: the role of local government in Kisumu, Kenya. Retrieved on December 28, 2018 from: http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3677&context=isp_collection.
Soukopová, J., Vaceková, G., & Klimovský, D. (2017). Local waste management in the Czech Republic: limits and merits of public-private partnership and contracting out. Utilities Policy, 48, 201–209.
Sukholthaman, P., Shirahada, K., & Sharp, A. (2017). Toward effective multi-sector partnership: a case of municipal solid waste management service provision in Bangkok, Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(3), 324–330.
SWEEPNET (2014) Country report on the solid waste management in occupied Palestinian territories. Retrieved on October 9, 2018 from: http://www.environment.pna.ps/ar/files/Country%20report%20on%20the%20solid%20waste%20management.pdf.
Talyan, V., Dahiya, R. P., & Sreekrishnan, T. R. (2008). State of municipal solid waste management in Delhi, the capital of India. Waste Management, 28(7), 1276–1287.
UNDP—Program of Assistance to the Palestinian People (UNDP—PAPP) (2012). Feasibility study and detailed design for solid waste management. Retrieved on February 18, 2019 from: http://www.mdlf.org.ps/files/solid-waste-gaza/final_fs_31jan2012.pdf.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World urbanization prospects: the 2014 revision, (New York: 2015), (ST/ESA/SER.A/366). Retrieved on December 19, 2018 from:https://www.compassion.com/multimedia/world-urbanization-prospects.pdf.
World Bank (2011) Public-private-partnership. Retrieved on January 3, 2018 from: http://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/overview/what-are-public-private-partnerships.
Zaidi, D.S.S.U.H. & Nasreen, Z. (2016). A study of public private partnership for solid waste management system in Lahore. Retrieved on October 18, 2018 from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zahra_Nasreen/publication/309804044_A_Study_of_Public_Private_Partnership_for_Solid_Waste_Management_System_in_Lahore/links/582414c208ae61258e3cdabd/A-Study-of-Public-Private-Partnership-for-Solid-Waste-Management-System-in-Lahore.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saadeh, D., Al-Khatib, I.A. & Kontogianni, S. Public–private partnership in solid waste management sector in the West Bank of Palestine. Environ Monit Assess 191, 243 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7395-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7395-2