Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Long-term trends in ambient fine particulate matter from 1980 to 2016 in United Arab Emirates

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the most comprehensive datasets of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for the UAE from 1980 to 2016. The long-term distributions of PM2.5 showed the annual average PM2.5 concentrations constantly exceeded the EPA and WHO guidelines. They varied from 77 to 49 μg/m3 with an overall average of 61.25 μg/m3. While the inter-annual variability in PM2.5 concentrations showed relatively a cyclic pattern, with successive ups and downs, it broadly exhibited an increasing trend, particularly, over the last 14 years. PM2.5 concentrations displayed a strong seasonal pattern, with greatest values observed during warm summer season, a period of high demand of electricity and dust events. The lowest values found in autumn are attributable to reduced demand of energy. Decreased atmospheric temperatures and high relative humidity coinciding with this period are likely to reduce the secondary formation of PM2.5. The spatial changes in PM2.5 concentrations exhibited gradual downward trends to the north and northeast directions. Airborne PM2.5 is prevalent in the southern and western regions, where the majority of oil and gas fields are located. PM2.5/PM10 ratio indicated that ambient aerosols are principally associated with anthropogenic sources. Peaks in PM2.5/CO ratio were frequently observed during June, July, and August, although few were concurrent with March. This indicates that secondary formation plays an important role in PM2.5 levels measured in these months, especially as the photochemical activities become relatively strong in these periods. The lowest PM2.5/CO ratios were found during September, October, and November (autumn) suggesting a considerable contribution of primary combustion emissions, especially vehicular emissions, to PM2.5 concentration. PM2.5 concentrations are positively correlated with sulfate levels. In addition to sea and dust aerosols, sulfate concentration in the coastal region is also related to fossil fuel burning from power plants, oil and gas fields, and oil industries. The population-weighted average of PM2.5 in UAE was 63.9 μg/m3, which is more than three times greater than the global population-weighted mean of 20 μg/m3.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agay-Shay, K., Friger, M., Linn, S., Peled, A., Amitai, Y., & Peretz, C. (2013). Air pollution and congenital heart defects. Environmental Research, 124, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.03.005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Jaberi, J., Thomsen, J., Al Hashimi, M., Al Bagham, S. H., Al Yousuf, M. H. S., & Jamil, K. M., et al. (2010). The national strategy and action plan for environmental health for the UAE, Abu Dhabi.

  • Al-Taani, A. A., Batayneh, A., Mogren, S., Nazzal, N., Ghrefat, H., Zaman, H., et al. (2013). Groundwater quality of coastal aquifer Systems in the Eastern Coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture, 8(6), 768–778.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Taani, A. A., Rashdan, M., & Khashashneh, S. (2015). Atmospheric dry deposition of mineral dust to the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea: Rate and trace elements. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 92(1–2), 252–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Taani, A. A., Howari, F. M., Nazzal, N., & Yousef, A. (2018). Seasonal impact to air qualities in industrial areas of the Arabian gulf region. Environmental Engineering Research, 23(2), 143–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Analitis, A., Katsouyanni, K., Dimakopoulou, K., Samoli, E., Nikoloulopoulos, A. K., Petasakis, Y., Touloumi, G., Schwartz, J., Anderson, H. R., Cambra, K., Forastiere, F., Zmirou, D., Vonk, J. M., Clancy, L., Kriz, B., Bobvos, J., & Pekkanen, J. (2006). Short-term effects of ambient particles on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Epidemiology, 17(2), 230–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basha, G., Phanikumar, D. V., Kumar, K. N., Ouarda, T. B. M. J., & Marpua, P. R. (2015). Investigation of aerosol optical, physical, and radiative characteristics of a severe dust storm observed over UAE. Remote Sensing of Environment, 169, 404–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batayneh, A., Elawadi, E., Zaman, H., Al-Taani, A. A., Nazzal, Y., & Ghrefat, H. (2014). Environmental assessment of the Gulf of Aqaba coastal surface waters, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Coastal Research, 30(2), 283–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batayneh, A., Ghrefat, H., Zumlot, T., Elawadi, E., Mogren, S., Zaman, Z., et al. (2015). Assessing of metals and metalloids in surface sediments along the Gulf of Aqaba coast, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Coastal Research, 31(1), 163–176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-Becerra, L. C., Gáfaro-Rojas, A. I., & Rojas-Roa, N. Y. (2015). Influence of precipitation scavenging on the PM2.5/PM10 ratio at the kennedy locality of Bogotá, Colombia. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, 76, 58–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosilovich, M. G., Akella, S., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., & Gelaro, R., et al. (2015). MERRA-2: Initial evaluation of the climate. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Vol. 43, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, pp. 139.

  • Bosilovich, M. G., Lucchesi, R., & Suarez, M., (2016). MERRA-2: File specification. NASA GMAO Office Note 9, 75 pp.

  • Brewer, E., Li, Y., Finken, B., Quartucy, G., Muzio, L., Baez, A., Garibay, M., & Jung, H. S. (2016). PM2.5 and ultrafine particulate matter emissions from natural gas-fired turbine for power generation. Atmospheric Environment, 131, 141–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A., III, Ezzati, M., Olives, C., Lim, S. S., Mehta, S., Shin, H. H., Singh, G., Hubbell, B., Brauer, M., Anderson, H. R., Smith, K. R., Balmes, J. R., Bruce, N. G., Kan, H., Laden, F., Prüss-Ustün, A., Turner, M. C., Gapstur, S. M., Diver, W. R., & Cohen, A. (2014). An integrated risk function for estimating the global burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(4), 397–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, J. J., Lee, S. C., Zhang, X. Y., Chow, J. C., An, Z. S., Ho, K. F., et al. (2005). Characterization of Airbone carbonate over a site near Asian dust source regions during spring 2002 and its climatic and environmental significance. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D03203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, M., Diehl, T., Tan, Q., Prospero, J. M., Kahn, R. A., Remer, L. A., Yu, H., Sayer, A. M., Bian, H., Geogdzhayev, I. V., Holben, B. N., Howell, S. G., Huebert, B. J., Hsu, N. C., Kim, D., Kucsera, T. L., Levy, R. C., Mishchenko, M. I., Pan, X., Quinn, P. K., Schuster, G. L., Streets, D. G., Strode, S. A., Torres, O., & Zhao, X. P. (2014). Multi-decadal variations of atmospheric aerosol from 1980-2009: Sources and regional trends. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14, 3657–3690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, Y. S., Kim, H. S., Dulama, J., & Harris, J. (2003). On heavy dustfall observed with explosive sandstorms in Chongwon-Chongju, Korea in 2002. Atmospheric Environment, 37, 3425–3433.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, K., & Krarti, M. (2017). Economic and environmental benefits of improving UAE building stock energy efficiency Kankana Dubey and Moncef Krarti. The king Abdullah Petroleum studies and research center, KS-2017--DP13.

  • EAD (Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi) (2008). Waste and pollution sources of Abu Dhabi Emirate, State of Environment, Abu Dhabi, UAE, pp. 71–91.

  • Engelbrecht, J. P., McDonald, E. V., Gillies, J. A., Jayanty, R. K. M., Casuccio, G., & Gertler, A. W. (2009). Characterizing mineral dusts and other aerosols from the Middle East-part 1: Ambient sampling. Inhalation Toxicology, 21(4), 297–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2015). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table.

  • EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2003). Guidelines for developing an air quality (ozone and PM2.5) forecasting program, EPA-456/R-03-002, pp. 1–2.

  • Farahat, A. (2016). Air pollution in the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman): Causes, effects, and aerosol categorization. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9, 196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2203-y.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farahat, A., El-Askary, H., & Al-Shaibani, A. (2015). Study of aerosols characteristics and dynamics over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using a multi sensor approach combined with ground observations. Advances In Meteorology, Article ID 247531, 12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/247531

  • Furman, H. K. H. (2003). Dust storms in the Middle East: Sources of origin and their temporal characteristics. Indoor and Built Environment, 12(6), 419–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., et al. (2017). The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1.

  • GMAO (Global Modeling and Assimilation Office). (2015). MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_aer_Nx: 2d, monthly mean, time-averaged, single-level, assimilation, aerosol diagnostics V5.12.4, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), Accessed: [October 2017]. https://doi.org/10.5067/FH9A0MLJPC7N.

  • Goldberg, M. S., Burnett, R. T., Bailar, J. C. I. I. I., Brook, J., Bonvalot, Y., Tamblyn, R., et al. (2001). The association between daily mortality and ambient air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec. 2. Cause-specific mortality. Environmental Research, 86(1), 26–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grantz, D. A., Garner, J. H. B., & Johnson, D. W. (2003). Ecological effects of particulate matter. Environment International, 29, 213–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00181-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdan, N. M., Alawadhi, H., & Jisrawi, N. (2015). Elemental and chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 indoor and outdoor pollutants in the UAE. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6(8), 566–570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdan, N. M., Alawadhi, H., & Jisrawi, N. (2016). Particulate matter pollution in the United Arab Emirates: Elemental analysis and phase identification of fine particulate pollutants. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on New Technologies (NewTech'16) Budapest, Hungary – August 18–19, 2016 Paper No. ICEPR 158. https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr16.158 ICEPR 158-1.

  • Hoek, G., Krishnan, R. M., Beelen, R., Peters, A., Ostro, B., Brunekreef, B., & Kaufman, J. D. (2013). Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: A review. Environmental Health, 12(1), 43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keuken, M., Zandveld, P., van den Elshout, S., Janssen, N. H. H., & Hoek, G. (2011). Air quality and health impact of PM10 and EC in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands in 1985–2008. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 5294–5301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Gibson, J. M., Jat, P., Puggioni, G., Hasan, M., West, J. J., Vizuete, W., Sexton, K., & Serre, M. (2010). Burden of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates: Estimates based on observed air quality data. Science of the Total Environment, 408(23), 5784–5793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.017.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, P., Xin, J., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Shang, K., Liu, Z., Li, G., Pan, X., Wei, L., & Wang, M. (2013). Time-series analysis of mortality effects from airborne particulate matter size fractions in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 81, 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.004.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, M., Tao, J., Chan, C. Y., Cao, J. J., Zhang, Z. S., Zhu, L. H., et al. (2012). Regression analyses between recent air quality and visibility changes in megacities at four haze regions in China. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 12, 1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2011.11.0220.

  • Liu, J., Li, J., & Li, W. (2016). Temporal patterns in fine particulate matter time series in Beijing: A calendar view. Scientific Reports, 6, 32221. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, W., Coy, L., Gelaro, R., Huang, A., Merkova, D., Smith, E. B., et al. (2016). MERRA-2 input observations: Summary and assessment. NASA Tech. Rep. Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2016-104606, 46, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, pp. 64.

  • Middleton, N. (1986). Dust storms in the Middle East. Journal of Arid Environments, 10, 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Presidential Affairs. (2011). Dust sources affecting the United Arab Emirates National Center of Meteorology and Seismology. UAE: Ministry of Presidential Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molod, A., Takacs, L., Suarez, M., Bacmeister, J., Song, I.-S., & Eichmann, A. (2012). The GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: Mean climate and development from MERRA to Fortuna. NASA Tech. Memo. NASA/TM-2012-104606, Vol. 28, 117 pp.

  • Molod, A. M., Takacs, L. L., Suarez, M. J., & Bacmeister, J. (2015). Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: Evolution from MERRA to MERRA2. Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 1339–1356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center of Meteorology. (2017). Climate yearly report. Ministry of Presidential Affairs. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

  • Nilsson, B. A. (1994). Model of the relation between aerosol extinction and meteorological parameters. Atmospheric Environment, 28(5), 815–825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostro, B., Broadwin, R., Green, S., Feng, W. Y., & Lipsett, M. (2006). Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in nine California counties: Results from CALFINE. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(1), 29–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pascal, M., Falq, G., Wagner, V., Chatignoux, E., Corso, M., Blanchard, M., Host, S., Pascal, L., & Larrieu, S. (2014). Short-term impacts of particulate matter (PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5) on mortality in nine French cities. Atmospheric Environment, 95, 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.030.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pope, C. A., III, Thun, M. J., & Namboodiri, M. M. (1995). Particulate air-pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective-study of us adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151, 669–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Racherla, P. N., & Adams, P. J. (2006). Sensitivity of global tropospheric ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations to climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D24103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006939.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randles, C. A., da Silva, A. M., Buchard, V., Colarco, P. R., Darmenov, A., Govindaraju, R., et al. (2017). The MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis, 1980 onward. Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation. Journal of Climate, 30, 6823–6850.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. S., Gatebe, C., & Holben, B. N. (2004). Science Plan, United Arab Emirates unified aerosol experiment (UAE), DWRS, NASA, NRL, ONR.

  • Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Todling, R., Bacmeister, J., Takacs, L., Liu, H.-C., et al. (2008). The GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System – Documentation of Versions 5.0.1 and 5.1.0. NASA GSFC Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2007-104606, Vol. 27., pp. 92.

  • Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Gelaro, R., Todling, R., Bacmeister, J., Liu, E., Bosilovich, M. G., Schubert, S. D., Takacs, L., Kim, G. K., Bloom, S., Chen, J., Collins, D., Conaty, A., da Silva, A., Gu, W., Joiner, J., Koster, R. D., Lucchesi, R., Molod, A., Owens, T., Pawson, S., Pegion, P., Redder, C. R., Reichle, R., Robertson, F. R., Ruddick, A. G., Sienkiewicz, M., & Woollen, J. (2011). MERRA: NASA’s modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications. Journal of Climate, 24, 3624–3648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samet, J. M., Dominici, F., Curriero, F. C., Coursac, I., & Zeger, S. L. (2000). Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 US cities, 1987–1994. The New England Journal of Medicine, 343, 1742–1749.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Z. X., Cao, J. J., & Arimoto, R. (2007). Chemical composition and source characterization of spring aerosol over Horqin sand land in northeastern China. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D14315. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007991.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, R., Ho, K., Cao, J., & Zhang, M. (2011). Chemical composition of water soluble ions and carbonate estimation in spring aerosol at a semi-arid site of Tongyu, China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 10, 360–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silbajoris, R., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Simmons, S. O., Reed, W., Bromberg, P. A., Dailey, L. A., & Samet, J. M. (2011). Ambient particulate matter induces interleukin-8 expression through an alternative NF-jB (nuclear factor-kappa B) mechanism in human airway epithelial cells. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119, 1379–1383. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103594.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speranza, A., Caggiano, R., Margiotta, S., & Trippetta, S. (2014). A novel approach to comparing simultaneous size-segregated particulate matter (PM) concentration ratios by means of a dedicated triangular diagram using the agri valley pm measurements as an example. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14, 2727–2733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto, N., Shimizu, A., Matsui, I. & Nishikawa, M. (2016). A method for estimating the fraction of mineral dust in particulate matter using PM2.5-to- PM10 ratios. Particuology, 28, 114–120.

  • UAE Science Plan. (2004). Unified aerosol experiment (UAE), prepared for DWRS, NASA, NRL, and ONR, version 1.0, September 15, 2004. Compiled and edited by Jeffrey S. Reid, Brent N. Holben, Charles Gatebe, Stuart Piketh, and Douglas L. Westphal.

  • van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Brauer, M., Kahn, R., Levy, R., Verduzco, C., & Villeneuve, P. J. (2010). Global estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: Development and application. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118, 847–855.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinkovic, V. (2006). Temperature inversion on the surface of externally heated optically thick multigrain dust clouds. The Astrophysical Journal, 651, 906–913.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Schneidemesser, E., Monks, P. S., Allan, J. D., Bruhwiler, L., Forster, P., Fowler, D., et al. (2015). Chemistry and the linkages between air quality and climate change. Chemical Reviews, 115, 3856–3897. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00089.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2005). Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: Global update 2005, Summary of Risk Assessment, WHO.

  • Wu, W. S., Purser, R. J., & Parrish, D. F. (2002). Three-dimensional variational analysis with spatially inhomogeneous covariances. Monthly Weather Review, 130(12), 2905–2916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, G., Jiao, L., Zhao, S., Yuan, M., Li, X., Han, Y., et al. (2016). Examining the impacts of land use on air quality from a spatio-temporal perspective in Wuhan, China. Atmosphere, 7, 62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, G., Jiao, L., Zhang, B., Zhao, S., Yuan, M., Gu, Y., Liu, J., & Tang, X. (2017). Spatial and temporal variability of the PM2. 5/PM10 ratio in Wuhan, Central China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17, 741–751.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanobetti, A., & Schwartz, J. (2009). The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: A national analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(6), 898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y. L., & Cao, F. (2015). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China at a city level. Scientific Reports, 5, 14884. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14884.

  • Zhang, L. W., Chen, X., Xue, X. D., Sun, M., Han, B., Li, C. P., Ma, J., Yu, H., Sun, Z. R., Zhao, L. J., Zhao, B. X., Liu, Y. M., Chen, J., Wang, P. P., Bai, Z. P., & Tang, N. J. (2014). Long-term exposure to high particulate matter pollution and cardiovascular mortality: A 12-year cohort study in four cities in northern China. Environment International, 62, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This project was funded by the Research Office, Zayed University in United Arab Emirates (Project No. R 17081).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan

    Ahmed A. Al-Taani

  2. Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan

    Ahmed A. Al-Taani

  3. College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Yousef Nazzal & Fares M. Howari

  4. Dubai, United Arab Emirates

    Ahmad Yousef

Authors
  1. Ahmed A. Al-Taani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yousef Nazzal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fares M. Howari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmad Yousef
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed A. Al-Taani.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Al-Taani, A.A., Nazzal, Y., Howari, F.M. et al. Long-term trends in ambient fine particulate matter from 1980 to 2016 in United Arab Emirates. Environ Monit Assess 191, 143 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7259-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7259-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation