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Genotoxic effects and gene expression in Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) exposed to mining-impacted tributaries in Manizales, Colombia

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Abstract

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the most studied aquatic organisms for water biomonitoring, due to its sensitivity to environmental degradation and resistance to toxic substances. This study determined the presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood erythrocytes, and assessed the gene expression of caspase-3 (CASP-3) and metallothionein 1 (MT-1) in the gills and liver of D. rerio. The study fish (n = 45) were exposed to water collected from two stations with mining impact (E2 and E3) and a reference station without evident mining contamination (E1), all located in La Elvira stream (Manizales-Colombia). In addition, a positive control (PC) with HgCl2 (50 μg/L) and negative control (NC) with tap water were included. The fish from the PC and E2 and E3 treatments displayed genotoxic effects and changes in gene expression, with significant differences in micronuclei formation and the presence of blebbed nuclei. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used as reference and proved to be stable compared to the β-actin and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) genes. In gills, CASP-3 expression was higher in the PC, and MT-1 expression was higher in the PC and E3 treatment. In liver, CASP-3 was expressed in the E2 treatment, and MT-1 expression was low. These results show that the genotoxic effects and differential gene expression observed in fish exposed to water from La Elvira stream could also be affecting the organisms present in this habitat.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the members of the GEBIOME Research Group and the BioHealth Laboratory of the Universidad de Caldas.

Funding

To COLCIENCIAS for financing the Project “Evaluation of the impact of mining, agriculture, and livestock farming on the ecological and genetic responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates” (Grant Call 569/2012).

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  1. Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10 Apartado Aéreo 275, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia

    Paula A. Ossa-López & Fredy A. Rivera-Páez

  2. Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10 Apartado Aéreo 275, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia

    Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa

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  1. Paula A. Ossa-López
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Correspondence to Fredy A. Rivera-Páez.

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Ossa-López, P.A., Castaño-Villa, G.J. & Rivera-Páez, F.A. Genotoxic effects and gene expression in Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) exposed to mining-impacted tributaries in Manizales, Colombia. Environ Monit Assess 189, 520 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6231-9

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