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Methods of liquid phase microextraction for the determination of cadmium in environmental samples

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Abstract

Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) has been widely used in extraction and preconcentration systems as an excellent alternative to conventional liquid phase extraction. In this work, a critical review is presented on liquid phase microextraction techniques used in the determination of cadmium in environmental samples. LPME techniques are classified into three main groups: single-drop liquid phase microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Methods involving these liquid phase microextraction techniques are described, addressing advantages and disadvantages, samples, figures of merit, and trends.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB).

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  1. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Instituto de Química, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-280, Brazil

    Analú Pires Santos, Maria das Graças Andrade Korn & Valfredo Azevedo Lemos

  2. Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Laboratório de Química Analítica (LQA), Campus de Jequié, Jequié, Bahia, 45206-510, Brazil

    Analú Pires Santos & Valfredo Azevedo Lemos

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  1. Analú Pires Santos
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Pires Santos, A., das Graças Andrade Korn, M. & Azevedo Lemos, V. Methods of liquid phase microextraction for the determination of cadmium in environmental samples. Environ Monit Assess 189, 444 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6151-8

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