Abstract
The effect of the addition of industrial by-products (gypsum and calcite) on the leaching of As and metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd) in a soil contaminated by pyritic minerals was monitored over a period of 6 months at a two-pit pilot plant. The contaminated soil was placed in one pit (non-remediated soil), whereas a mixture of the contaminated soil (80% w/w) with gypsum (10% w/w) and calcite (10% w/w) was placed in the other pit (remediated soil). Soil samples and leachates of the two pits were collected at different times. Moreover, the leaching pattern of major and trace elements in the soil samples was assessed at laboratory level through the application of the pHstat leaching test. Addition of the by-products led to an increase in initial soil pH from around 2.0 to 7.5, and it also provoked that the concentration of trace elements in soil extracts obtained from the pHstat leaching test decreased to values lower than quantification limits of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and lower than the hazardous waste threshold for soil management. The trace element concentration in the pilot-plant leachates decreased over time in the non-remediated soil, probably due to the formation of more insoluble secondary minerals containing sulphur, but especially decreased in pit of the remediated soil, in agreement with laboratory data. The pH in the remediated soil remained constant over the 6-month period, and the X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that the phases did not vary over time, thus indicating the efficacy of the addition of the by-products. This finding suggests that soil remediation may be a feasible option for the re-use of non-hazardous industrial by-products.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Spain’s Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Project CTM2011-27211), the Secretaría General para la Prevención de la Contaminación y el Cambio Climático (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, contract 300/PC/08/3-01.1) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2014SGR1277). ICP-OES analyses were conducted at the CCiT of the University of Barcelona. XRF measurements were conducted at the CITIUS of the University of Seville. The authors would like to thank EDP Energía for supplying the materials and Befesa Gestión de Residuos Industriales for supplying the contaminated soils and for permitting access to the pilot plant for the 300/PC/08/3-01.1 project.
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González-Núñez, R., Rigol, A. & Vidal, M. Assessing the efficacy over time of the addition of industrial by-products to remediate contaminated soils at a pilot-plant scale. Environ Monit Assess 189, 155 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5864-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5864-z