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Dimensional changes in the Kolahoi glacier from 1857 to 2014

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Abstract

This study assimilates data from historical records (1857–1961/84), survey of India topographic maps, and a series of multispectral satellite data (1962–2014) for analyzing the shrinkage and dimensional changes of the Kolahoi glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, between 1857 and 2014. The composite results show that the glacier has receded by ∼3423 m (21.8 m/year) in the past 157 years. The historical records reveal that the glacier retreated by >1609 m from 1857 to 1909, 800 m from 1912 to 1961, and 210 m from 1961 to 1984. From 1962 to 2014 (52 years), we observed a retreat of 1014 ± 64 m (19.5 ± 1.1 m/year). We noted a marked disparity in the retreat rates of primary snout (PS) and secondary snout (SS) which was found to be 19.5 ± 1.1 m/year for PS and 11.34 ± 1.1 m/year for SS. Further, our investigations reveal that the changes in the length are accompanied by considerable changes in the area. The area of the glacier reduced from 14.46 ± 0.34 km2 (1962) to 11.28 ± 0.21 km2 (2014) amounting an overall deglaciation of 3.18 ± 0.34 km2 or 22.99 ± 2.3% in the past 52 years. Besides, the glacier has started degenerating at a much accelerated pace showing a deglaciation of 11.1 ± 1.9% and a recession rate of ~27.8 ± 3.2 m/year in just 14 years (2000–2014). These results warrant the detailed studies regarding various controlling factors, besides the climate change.

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Acknowledgements

Aparna Shukla is grateful to Prof. Anil K. Gupta, director, WIHG, Dehradun for providing requisite facilities and support. Iram Ali thanks the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India for her research fellowship under WOS-A scheme wide file no. SR/WOS-A/ES-39/2013. The authors are thankful to Midhat Fayaz, Khalid Omar Murtaza, Ishfaq Paul, and Omar Paul for their assistance in field survey.

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  1. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), Dehradun, 248001, India

    Aparna Shukla

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India

    Iram Ali & Shakil A. Romshoo

  3. D.B.S (P.G) College, Dehradun, 248001, India

    Nazia Hasan

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  1. Aparna Shukla
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Shukla, A., Ali, I., Hasan, N. et al. Dimensional changes in the Kolahoi glacier from 1857 to 2014. Environ Monit Assess 189, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5703-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5703-7

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