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Spatial variability of organic layer thickness and carbon stocks in mature boreal forest stands—implications and suggestions for sampling designs

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Abstract

Accurate field measurements from inventories across fine spatial scales are critical to improve sampling designs and to increase the precision of forest C cycling modeling. By studying soils undisturbed from active forest management, this paper gives a unique insight in the naturally occurring variability of organic layer C and provides valuable references against which subsequent and future sampling schemes can be evaluated. We found that the organic layer C stocks displayed great short-range variability with spatial autocorrelation distances ranging from 0.86 up to 2.85 m. When spatial autocorrelations are known, we show that a minimum of 20 inventory samples separated by ∼5 m is needed to determine the organic layer C stock with a precision of ±0.5 kg C m−2. Our data also demonstrates a strong relationship between the organic layer C stock and horizon thickness (R 2 ranging from 0.58 to 0.82). This relationship suggests that relatively inexpensive measurements of horizon thickness can supplement soil C sampling, by reducing the number of soil samples collected, or to enhance the spatial resolution of organic layer C mapping.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is a contribution to the Norwegian centennial chair program, a collaboration between the University of Minnesota and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). The study was cofounded by the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Fulbright Foundation, and Torske Klubben Minneapolis. We would like to thank Fritzøe Skoger for allowing us to use their property for this investigation. Further, we would like thank Dr. Marit Lie (UMB), Dr. Anders Nilsen (UMB), Monica Slåttum (UMB), and Malin Pilstrøm (UMB) for their assistance in the collection of data. Finally, we would like express our gratitude to Dr. Randy Kolka (USDA Forest Service), Dr. Rebecca Montgomery (University of Minnesota), and two anonymous reviewers who provided thoughtful feedback which improved the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    Terje Kristensen & Paul Bolstad

  2. Department of Ecology and Natural Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway

    Mikael Ohlson

  3. f+n: Design & Engineering Consulting, Zurich, Switzerland

    Zoltan Nagy

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  1. Terje Kristensen
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Correspondence to Terje Kristensen.

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Kristensen, T., Ohlson, M., Bolstad, P. et al. Spatial variability of organic layer thickness and carbon stocks in mature boreal forest stands—implications and suggestions for sampling designs. Environ Monit Assess 187, 521 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4741-x

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