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Systematic evaluation of dissolved lead sorption losses to particulate syringe filter materials

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Abstract

Distinguishing between soluble and particulate lead in drinking water is useful in understanding the mechanism of lead release and identifying remedial action. Typically, particulate lead is defined as the amount of lead removed by a 0.45-μm filter. Unfortunately, there is little guidance regarding selection of filter membrane material and little consideration to the possibility of the sorption of dissolved lead to the filter. The objective of this work was to examine the tendency of 0.45-μm syringe filter materials to adsorb lead. Tests were performed with water containing 40 and 24 μg/L soluble lead at pH 7 buffered with 50 mg C/L dissolved inorganic concentration (DIC). The amounts of lead sorbed greatly varied by filter, and only two filter types, polypropylene and mixed cellulose esters, performed well and are recommended. Great care must be taken in choosing a filter when filtering soluble lead and interpreting filter results.

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Notes

  1. USEPA, “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples” EPA-600/4-91-010(1994)

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge EPA staff Jeff Collins and Bill Kayler for analytical support. We would also like to thank Chellsie Haas from the University of Cincinnati for water analysis support. This work was performed under the EPA’s Regional Methods program which is administered by the Office of Science Policy and managed by the Regional Science Liaisons, and is a mechanism that allows innovative research partnerships between the EPA regions and Office of Research and Development. We would like thank Mike Schaub of EPA Region 6 (Dallas, TX) for reviewing the manuscript and supporting the project, and Michael Morton of EPA Region 6, who is the Regional Science Liaison, for supporting the project. Lastly, we would like to thank Mitch Wilcox of Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. for assistance with preparing the manuscript.

Notice

The US Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed, or partially funded and collaborated in, the research described herein. It has been subjected to the agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA

    Thomas Minning

  2. ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA

    Darren A. Lytle, Maily Pham & Keith Kelty

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  1. Thomas Minning
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  2. Darren A. Lytle
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  3. Maily Pham
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  4. Keith Kelty
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Correspondence to Darren A. Lytle.

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Minning, T., Lytle, D.A., Pham, M. et al. Systematic evaluation of dissolved lead sorption losses to particulate syringe filter materials. Environ Monit Assess 187, 383 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4610-7

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