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Influence of organic carbon and metal oxide phases on sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid under oxic and anoxic conditions

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Abstract

Chlorobenzoic acids represent crucial recalcitrant metabolites in the environment; thus, the influence of soil components on the sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (TCB) under oxic and anoxic conditions was studied. The surficial physiognomies of untreated and isolated soil samples were studied using FTIR, XRD, specific surface area, and PZC determination. The roles of redox potential, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pH, particularly under anoxic condition, were appraised. Batch equilibrium adsorption studies on soils of variable Fe/Mn oxides and organic carbon showed that adsorption was low across all components (log K oc = 0.82–3.10 Lg−1). The sorption of 2,4,6-TCB was well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The fluctuation of both redox potential and pH during anoxic experiment had a negative impact on the sorption, partitioning, and the oxidation of organic matter. Linear relationships were observed for K d with both soil total organic carbon (TOC) and surface area (SA). The results showed the existence of DOC-mediated sorption of 2,4,6-TCB which seems to be enhanced at lower pH. The reductive dissolution, particularly of iron compounds, possibly impeded sorption of 2,4,6-TCB under anoxic condition. It could be inferred that habitats dominated by fluctuating oxygen concentrations are best suited for the development of environmental conditions capable of mineralizing 2,4,6-TCB and similar xenobiotics.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko (Nigeria) Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND 2013/2014). Special thanks to Assistant Professor Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, USA, for valuable contributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria

    Isaac Ayodele Ololade, Nurudeen Abiola Oladoja, Folasade Alomaja, Esan O. Olaseni & Femi Francis Oloye

  2. Institute of Water Quality Control, Technical University Munich, Gerching, Munich, Germany

    Nurudeen Abiola Oladoja

  3. Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

    Oluwaranti Olubunmi Ololade

  4. Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

    Femi Francis Oloye

  5. Chemical Science Department, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

    Ruth O. A. Adelagun

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  1. Isaac Ayodele Ololade
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Correspondence to Isaac Ayodele Ololade.

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Ololade, I.A., Oladoja, N.A., Alomaja, F. et al. Influence of organic carbon and metal oxide phases on sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid under oxic and anoxic conditions. Environ Monit Assess 187, 4170 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4170-2

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