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Occurrences and fate of selected human antibiotics in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plant and effluent-receiving river Yamuna in Delhi (India)

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 186, pages 541–557 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Antibiotics consumption has increased worldwide, and their residues are frequently reported in aquatic environments. It is believed that antibiotics reach aquatic water bodies through sewage. Medicine consumed for healthcare practices are often released into sewage, and after sewage treatment plant, it reaches the receiving water bodies of lakes or rivers. In the present study, we determined the fate of some commonly used antibiotics in a sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Delhi and the environmental concentration of these antibiotics in the Yamuna River, which receives the sewage and industrial effluent of Delhi. There are many reports on antibiotics occurrences in STP and river water worldwide, but monitoring data from the Indian subcontinent is sparse. Samples were taken from a STP and from six sampling sites on the Yamuna River. Several antibiotics were tested for using offline solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array analysis. Recoveries varied from 25.5–108.8 %. Ampicillin had the maximum concentration in wastewater influents (104.2 ± 98.11 μg l−1) and effluents (12.68 ± 8.38 μg l−1). The fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins had the lower concentrations. Treatment efficiencies varied between 55 and 99 %. Significant amounts of antibiotics were discharged in effluents and were detected in the receiving water body. The concentration of antibiotics in the Yamuna River varied from not detected to 13.75 μg l−1 (ampicillin) for the compounds investigated.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors, PKM, is thankful to University Grant Commission (UGC), Delhi for awarding Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) for Doctoral Research.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Pravin K. Mutiyar & Atul K. Mittal

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  1. Pravin K. Mutiyar
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Mutiyar, P.K., Mittal, A.K. Occurrences and fate of selected human antibiotics in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plant and effluent-receiving river Yamuna in Delhi (India). Environ Monit Assess 186, 541–557 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3398-6

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Keywords

  • Antibiotics
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Cephalosporins
  • Wastewater treatment plant
  • Yamuna River