Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The impact of poultry litter application on sediment chemistry of the Broadkill River estuary system, Delaware

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This project examined the impact of long-term poultry litter application on the chemical signatures of As, Cu, Zn, and P in stream sediments of the Broadkill River watershed within the Delmarva Peninsula, a region of intense poultry production. Thirty-seven sediment samples were collected from Broadkill River drainage systems and analyzed for litter-derived elements (As, Cu, Zn, P) and basic soil parameters such as particle size distribution, organic matter, and soluble salts. Results showed that concentrations of elements in stream sediments are approximately log-normally distributed. Spatial variability in concentrations of elements was evident, with most elements increasing in concentration and enrichment from upgradient headwaters to downgradient reaches draining predominantly agricultural areas. Results of correlation analyses showed positive significant correlation among elements; elements were also positively correlated with percent clay and silt in the sediment. Using GIS maps with overlays of hydrology and land use activities, statistical correlations between As, Cu, Zn, and P enrichment factors and land use were examined. Results showed statistically significant relationships between As, Mn, and Zn enrichment factors and residential areas within the watershed, but did not show a statistically significant relationship between element enrichment factors and agricultural land use. Factors that complicate this type of landscape-scale study include the presence of poultry processing plants, impoundments, changes in land use over time, and the influence of tides, all of which can have direct and indirect influences on element mobility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adediran, S. A., & Kramer, J. R. (1987). Copper adsorption on clay, iron-manganese oxide and organic fractions along a salinity gradient. Applied Geochemistry, 2(2), 213–216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aldrich, A. P., Kistler, D., & Sigg, L. (2002). Speciation of Cu and Zn in drainage water from agricultural soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(22), 4824–4830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfieri, J. G., Niyogi, D., Lemone, M. A., Chen, F., & Fall, S. (2007). A simple reclassification method for correcting uncertainity in land use/land cover data sets used with land surface models. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 164, 1789–1809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, R. R., & Gilkes, R. J. (1984). Weathering of hornblende, plagioclase and chlorite in meta-dolerite, Australia. Geoderma, 34(3–4), 261–280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. K., & Chamblee, T. N. (2001). The effect of dietary 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (roxarsone) on the total arsenic level in broiler excreta and broiler litter. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 10(4), 323–328.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. H., & Hawkes, H. E. (1958). Relative mobility of the common elements in weathering of some schist and granite areas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 14(3), 204–210.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arai, Y., Lanzirotti, A., Sutton, S., Davis, J. A., & Sparks, D. L. (2003). Arsenic speciation and reactivity in poultry litter. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(18), 4083–4090.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, S. L., Myers, J. L., Laney, E., Honnell, D., & Owens, C. (1999). The effects of hydropower releases from Lake Texoma on downstream water quality. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 14(1), 103–112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashjaei, S., Miller, W. P., Cabrera, M. L., & Hassan, S. M. (2011). Arsenic in soils and forages from poultry litter-amended pastures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(5), 1534–1546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (2000). Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. D422-63 (1998). American Society for Testing and Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards 04.08:10–17.ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.

  • Beckert, K., Fisher, T., O’Neil, J., & Jesien, R. (2011). Characterization and comparison of stream nutrients, land use, and loading patterns in Maryland coastal bay watersheds. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 221(1–4), 255–273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bednar, A. J., Garbarino, J. R., Ferrer, I., Rutherford, D. W., Wershaw, R. L., Ranville, J. F., & Wildeman, T. R. (2003). Photodegradation of roxarsone in poultry litter leachates. Science of the Total Environment, 302(1–3), 237–245.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Parvez, L., Islam, M. A., Dampare, S. B., & Suzuki, S. (2010). Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173(1–3), 384–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourennane, H., Douay, F., Sterckeman, T., Villanneau, E., Ciesielski, H., King, D., & Baize, D. (2010). Mapping of anthropogenic trace elements inputs in agricultural topsoil from Northern France using enrichment factors. Geoderma, 157(3–4), 165–174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradl, H. B. (2004). Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 277(1), 1–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. L., Slaughter, A. D., & Schreiber, M. E. (2005). Controls on roxarsone transport in agricultural watersheds. Applied Geochemistry, 20(1), 123–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruland, K. W., Bertine, K., Koide, M., & Goldberg, E. D. (1974). History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone. Environmental Science & Technology, 8(5), 425–432.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chesworth, W., Dejou, J., & Larroque, P. (1981). The weathering of basalt and relative mobilities of the major elements at Belbex, France. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45(7), 1235–1243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Church, C. D., Kleinman, P. J. A., Bryant, R. B., Saporito, L. S., & Allen, A. L. (2010). Occurrence of arsenic and phosphorus in ditch flow from litter-amended soils and barn areas. Journal of Environmental Quality, 39(6), 2080–2088.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciparis, S., Schreiber, M., & Voshell, J. (2012). Using watershed characteristics, sediment, and tissue of resident mollusks to identify potential sources of trace elements to streams in a complex agricultural landscape. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(5), 3109–3126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Codling, E. E., Chaney, R. L., & Mulchi, C. L. (2008). Effects of broiler litter management practices on phosphorus, copper, zinc, manganese, and arsenic concentrations in Maryland coastal plain soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39(7–8), 1193–1205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dane, J. P. and Topp, G. C., (ed.) (2002). Method of soil analysis. Part 4: Physical methods, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin. 1–1692.

  • Denver, J. M., Scott, W. A., Debrewer, L. M., Ferrari, M. J., Barbaro, J. R., Hancock, T. C., Brayton, M. J., & Nardi, M. R. (2004). Water quality in the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 1999–2001. Reston, Va.; U.S. Geological Survey.

  • Dewitt, P., & Daiber, F. (1973). The hydrography of the Broadkill River estuary, Delaware. Chesapeake Science, 14(1), 28–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Din, Z. B. (1992). Use of aluminium to normalize heavy-metal data from estuarine and coastal sediments of Straits of Melaka. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 24(10), 484–491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DNREC (1999). Remediation standards guidance under the Delaware Hazardous Substance Clean Up Act. (http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/AWM/sirb/DOCS/PDFS/Misc/RemStnd.pdf). 11.

  • DNREC (2006). Broadkill River watershed proposed TMDLs: Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental control http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/swc/wa/Documents/TMDL_TechnicalAnalysisDocuments/13_BroadkillTMDLAnalysis.pdf

  • Duke, J. M., Mackenzie, J. and Ilvento, T. W. (2002). Land Use Issues in Delaware Agriculture. Department of Food and Resources Economics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware : http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/15820/1/rr020003.pdf.

  • Emmerson, R. H. C., O’Reilly-Wiese, S. B., Macleod, C. L., & Lester, J. N. (1997). A multivariate assessment of metal distribution in inter-tidal sediments of the Blackwater Estuary, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34(11), 960–968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EPA (2006). Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for Bacteria and Nutrient Impairments on the Broadkill River Watershed, Delaware: www.epa.gov/waters/tmdldocs/de_tmdl-BroadkillRiver-BroadkillRv_DR.pdf

  • EPA (2007). Development growth outpacing progress in watershed efforts to restore the Chesapeake Bay: Report No. 2007-P-00031

  • EPA (2012). Water discharge permit (Date assessed May 30 2012): http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/pcs_det_reports.pcs_tst?npdesid=DE0000469&rvalue=13&npvalue=7.

  • Falcucci, A., Maiorano, L., & Boitani, L. (2007). Changes in land-use/land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation. Landscape Ecology, 22(4), 617–631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, M. E. (1980). Sand Bodies on Coastal Plain Shelves: Holocene Record of the U.S. Atlantic Inner Shelf Off Maryland. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 50(2), 505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, D. J., Yonkos, L. T. and Staver, K. (2011). The environmental concerns of arsenic additives in poultry litter: Literature review. Report to the University of Maryland College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, HCAE Pub 2011–05.

  • Förstner, U., Ahlf, W., Calmano, W., & Kersten, M. (1990). Sediment criteria development – contributions from environmental geochemistry to water quality management. In D. Heling, P. Rothe, U. Forstner, & P. Stoffers (Eds.), Sediments and environmental geochemistry: selected aspects and case histories (pp. 311–338). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J. R., Bednar, A. J., Rutherford, D. W., Beyer, R. S., & Wershaw, R. L. (2003). Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter I. Degradation of roxarsone during composting. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(8), 1509–1514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Sanchez, A., & Alvarez-Ayuso, E. (2003). Arsenic in soils and waters and its relation to geology and mining activities (Salamanca Province, Spain). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 80(1), 69–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gimeno-García, E., Andreu, V., & Boluda, R. (1996). Heavy metals incidence in the application of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to rice farming soils. Environmental Pollution, 92(1), 19–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, R. (2010). Arsenic in the Delaware Inland Bays. Lewes DE: Presentation to the Delaware Center for Inland Bays Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, G., & Charles, S. (1999). Trace elements in soils fertilized with poultry litter. Poultry Science, 78(12), 1695–1698.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, F. X., Kingery, W. L., Selim, H. M., & Gerard, P. D. (2000). Accumulation of heavy metals in a long-term poultry waste-amended soil. Soil Science, 165(3), 260–268.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, T. C., Denver, J. M., Reidel, G. F., & Miller, C. V. (2002). Source, transport, and fate of arsenic in the Pocomoke River Basin, a poultry dominated Chesapeake Bay watershed in Proceedings from the Conference on Arsenic in the Environment. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, P. J., Evans, D. W., Colby, D. R., & Zdanowicz, V. S. (1993). Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments. Marine Environmental Research, 36(4), 237–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikem, A., Egiebor, N. O., & Nyavor, K. (2003). Trace elements in water, fish and sediment from Tuskegee Lake, Southeastern USA. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 149(1), 51–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, B. P., & Bertsch, P. M. (2001). Determination of arsenic speciation in poultry wastes by IC-ICP-MS. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(24), 4868–4873.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, L. J. M., & Gregorio, A. D. (2002). Parametric land cover and land-use classifications as tools for environmental change detection. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 91(1–3), 89–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenson, S. K., & Domingue, J. O. (1988). Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54(11), 1593.

    Google Scholar 

  • JMP® (Version 9). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989–2007.

  • Kee, E. (2007). Delaware farming. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. 129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingery, W. L., Wood, C. W., Delaney, D. P., Williams, J. C., & Mullins, G. L. (1994). Impact of long-term land application of broiler litter on environmentally related soil properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23(1), 139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. S. (1994). Atmospheric concentrations of trace elements in urban areas of the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment, 28(16), 2691.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leytem, A. B., Sims, J. T., & Coale, F. J. (2003). On-farm evaluation of a phosphorus site index for Delaware. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 58(2), 89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liaghati, T., Preda, M., & Cox, M. (2003). Heavy metal distribution and controlling factors within coastal plain sediments, Bells Creek catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia. Environment International, 29(7), 935–948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Looser, M. O., Parriaux, A., & Bensimon, M. (1999). Landfill underground pollution detection and characterization using inorganic traces. Water Research, 33(17), 3609–3616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loring, D. H. (1990). Lithium—a new approach for the granulometric normalization of trace metal data. Marine Chemistry, 29, 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loska, K. (2004). Metal contamination of farming soils affected by industry. Environment International, 30(2), 159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loska, K., Cebula, J., Pelczar, J., Wiechuła, D., & Kwapuliński, J. (1997). Use of enrichment, and contamination factors together with geoaccumulation indexes to evaluate the content of Cd, Cu, and Ni in the Rybnik water reservoir in Poland. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 93(1), 347–365.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luck, M., & Wu, J. (2002). A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology, 17(4), 327–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, D. D., Ingersoll, C. G., & Berger, T. A. (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39(1), 20–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, J. (1989). Land use transitions in Delaware, 1974–1984. University of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin #483.

  • Maguire, R. O., & Heckendorn, S. E. (2012). Draft copy of laboratory procedures—publication 452–881. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Soil Testing Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohiuddin, K. M., Zakir, H. M., Otomo, K., Sharmin, S., & Shikazono, N. (2010). Geochemical distribution of trace metal pollutants in water and sediments of downstream of an urban river. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology (IJEST), 7(1), 17–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. N., Brook, E. J., & Johns, C. (1989). Grain size partitioning of metals in contaminated, coarse-grained river floodplain sediment: Clark Fork River, Montana, U.S.A. Environmental Geology, 14(2), 107–115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P. A., Daniel, T. C., Gilmour, J. T., Shreve, B. R., Edwards, D. R., & Wood, B. H. (1998). Decreasing metal runoff from poultry litter with aluminum sulfate. Journal of Environmental Quality, 27(1), 92–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R., II, & Kline, K. (2011). Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 178(1–4), 221–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, J. (1969). Distribution of arsenic in poultry litter in broiler chicken, soils, and crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17(6), 1288–1290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N’Guessan, Y. M., Probst, J. L., Bur, T., & Probst, A. (2009). Trace elements in stream bed sediments from agricultural catchments (Gascogne region, S-W France): where do they come from? Science of the Total Environment, 407(8), 2939–2952.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O. (1979). Global inventory of natural and anthropogenic emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere. Nature, 279(5712), 409–411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O. (1990). The rise and fall of leaded gasoline. The Science of the Total Environment, 92, 13–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O., & Pacyna, J. M. (1988). Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature, 333(6169), 134–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, R., O’Connor, M., Irgolic, K., Sabrsula, J., Gürleyük, H., Brunette, R., Howard, C., Garcia, J., Brien, J., Brien, J., & Brien, J. (2005). Transformations, air transport, and human impact of arsenic from poultry litter. Environmental Forensics, 6(1), 83–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyewumi, O., & Schreiber, M. E. (2012). Release of arsenic and other trace elements from poultry litter: Insights from a field experiment on the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware. Applied Geochemistry, 27(10), 1979–1990.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pokrovsky, O. S., Schott, J., & Dupré, B. (2006). Trace element fractionation and transport in boreal rivers and soil porewaters of permafrost-dominated basaltic terrain in Central Siberia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(13), 3239–3260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prusty, B. G., Sahu, K. C., & Godgul, G. (1994). Metal contamination due to mining and milling activities at the Zawar zinc mine, Rajasthan, India: 1. Contamination of stream sediments. Chemical Geology, 112(3–4), 275–291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, W. F., & Chirnside, A. E. M. (1984). Impact of land use on ground-water quality in Southern Delawarea. Ground Water, 22(1), 38–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G. R., & Ayuso, R. A. (2004). Use of spatial statistics and isotopic tracers to measure the influence of arsenical pesticide use on stream sediment chemistry in New England, USA. Applied Geochemistry, 19(7), 1097–1110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G. R., Jr., & Ayotte, J. D. (2006). The influence of geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground waters in New England, USA. Applied Geochemistry, 21(9), 1482–1497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothenberger, M., Burkholder, J., & Brownie, C. (2009). Long-term effects of changing land use practices on surface water quality in a coastal river and lagoonal estuary. Environmental Management, 44(3), 505–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubio, B., Nombela, M. A., & Vilas, F. (2000). Geochemistry of major and trace elements in Sediments of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain): an assessment of metal pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40(11), 968–980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford, D. W., Bednar, A. J., Garbarino, J. R., Needham, R., Staver, K. W., & Wershaw, R. L. (2003). Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. Part II. Mobility of arsenic in soils amended with poultry litter. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(8), 1515–1520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiff, K. C., & Weisberg, S. B. (1999). Iron as a reference element for determining trace metal enrichment in Southern California coastal shelf sediments. Marine Environmental Research, 48(2), 161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schropp, S., Graham Lewis, F., Windom, H., Ryan, J., Calder, F., & Burney, L. (1990). Interpretation of metal concentrations in estuarine sediments of Florida using aluminum as a reference element. Estuaries and Coasts, 13(3), 227–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segura, R., Arancibia, V., Zúñiga, M. C., & Pastén, P. (2006). Distribution of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations in stream sediments from the Mapocho River in Santiago, Chile. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 91(1–3), 71–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sims, J. T., & Wolf, D. C. (1994). Poultry waste management: agricultural and environmental issues. In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in agronomy. New York: Academic Press. 52: 1–83.

  • Sloan, J. J., Dowdy, R. H., Dolan, M. S., & Linden, D. R. (1998). Long-term effects of biosolids applications on heavy metal bioavailability in agricultural soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 26(4), 966–974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, D. L., Sims, J. T., Seiter, J. and Gardner, S. (2007). Fate and transport of arsenic in Delaware soils: Assessing potential impacts on water quality. Final Report. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware. February 23

  • Sutherland, R. A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611–627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, L. T., & Nickless, G. (1981). The relation between heavy metals and particle size fractions within the severn estuary (U.K.) inter-tidal sediments. The Science of the Total Environment, 19(3), 207–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trefry, J. H., Metz, S., Trocine, R. P., & Nelsen, T. A. (1985). A decline in lead transport by the Mississippi River. Science, 230(4724), 439–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • USDA-NASS (2012). Delaware Agriculture: http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Delaware/Publications/DE%20Ag%20Brochure_web.pdf.

  • USDA-NRCS (2013). State Soil series. http://soils.usda.gov/gallery/state_soils/, Accessed, July 8 2013.

  • USEPA (2013). USEPA Region 3 Sediment Criteria. (http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/eco/btag/sbv/fwsed/screenbench.htm). Accessed July 8, 2013.

  • USGS (2012). United States Geological Survey, Seamless Dataset: http://seamless.usgs.gov.

  • van der Watt, H. v. H., Sumner, M. E., & Cabrera, M. L. (1994). Bioavailability of Copper, Manganese, and Zinc in Poultry Litter. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23(1), 43–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viers, J., Dupré, B., & Gaillardet, J. (2009). Chemical composition of suspended sediments in World Rivers: new insights from a new database. Science of the Total Environment, 407(2), 853–868.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vijver, M. G., Spijker, J., Vink, J. P. M., & Posthuma, L. (2008). Determining metal origins and availability in fluvial deposits by analysis of geochemical baselines and solid-solution partitioning measurements and modelling. Environmental Pollution, 156(3), 832–839.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitall, D., Hively, W. D., Leight, A. K., Hapeman, C. J., McConnell, L. L., Fisher, T., Rice, C. P., Codling, E., McCarty, G. W., Sadeghi, A. M., Gustafson, A., & Bialek, K. (2010). Pollutant fate and spatio-temporal variability in the choptank river estuary: factors influencing water quality. Science of the Total Environment, 408(9), 2096–2108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windom, H. L., Schropp, S. J., Calder, F. D., Ryan, J. D., Smith, R. G., Burney, L. C., Lewis, F. G., & Rawlinson, C. H. (1989). Natural trace metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments of the southeastern United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 23(3), 314–320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Won, J. H., Park, J. Y., & Lee, T. G. (2007). Mercury emissions from automobiles using gasoline, diesel, and LPG. Atmospheric Environment, 41(35), 7547–7552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, C. S. C., Li, X., & Thornton, I. (2006). Urban environmental geochemistry of trace metals. Environmental Pollution, 142(1), 1–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yongming, H., Peixuan, D., Junji, C., & Posmentier, E. S. (2006). Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi’an, Central China. Science of the Total Environment, 355(1–3), 176–186.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We appreciate funding from the National Science Foundation EAR-0719796 to MES and from the Virginia Tech Graduate Research Development Program, the Virginia Tech Department of Geosciences, the Virginia Tech Water Resources Research Center, and the International Association for Geochemistry to OO. We are also grateful for field assistance from Amy Linkous, Liang Han and Youquan Zhang, and analytical assistance from both Athena Tilley and Jodi Smiley. We equally appreciate GIS advice and support from Thomas Dickerson and Peter Sforza of the Center for Geospatial Information Technology at Virginia Tech. We also thank Don Rimstidt, Lee Daniels, and John Stolz for helpful discussions on this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT, 06050, USA

    Oluyinka Oyewumi

  2. Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Oluyinka Oyewumi & Madeline E. Schreiber

  3. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 216A Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Serena Ciparis

Authors
  1. Oluyinka Oyewumi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Madeline E. Schreiber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Serena Ciparis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oluyinka Oyewumi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oyewumi, O., Schreiber, M.E. & Ciparis, S. The impact of poultry litter application on sediment chemistry of the Broadkill River estuary system, Delaware. Environ Monit Assess 186, 97–115 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3359-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3359-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation