Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of domoic acid monitoring in shellfish from the Catalan coast

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Monitoring of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxins in shellfish from the Catalan coast started in 2001. No ASP toxins were detected in any of the analyses performed before 2008. On 22 January 2008, domoic acid (DA) was detected in Donax trunculus (0.5 mg kg−1) and confirmed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (0.6 mg kg−1). A total of 974 shellfish samples were analyzed from January 2008 to December 2011, covering all the Catalan production areas and the most important marketed species. DA was detected in 23.8 % of the samples and was recorded every month in all areas and all species, except Ostrea edulis, although the percentage of samples with DA and DA content varied widely among samples. DA exceeded the regulatory level of 20 mg kg−1 twice: in Callista chione sampled on February 2008 and in D. trunculus sampled on April 2010. DA content in Bolinus brandaris appeared constant and close to 4.5 mg kg−1 for months in 2009. Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, and Ruditapes sp. presented very low concentrations of DA in the Ebro Delta bays, despite 113 alert situations according to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundances and the high number of shellfish samples analyzed. The origin of DA in Catalan shellfish remains unknown.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amzil, Z., Fresnel, J., Le Gal, D., & Billard, C. (2001). Domoic acid accumulation in French shellfish in relation to toxic species of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and P. pseudodelicatissima. Toxicon, 39, 1245–1251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. M., Andersen, P., Bricelj, V. M., Cullen, J. J., Rensel, J. E. (2001). Monitoring and management strategies for harmful algal blooms in coastal waters. IOC Technical Series No. 59, Paris.

  • Andree, K., Fernández-Tejedor, M., Elandaloussi, L. M., Quijano-Scheggia, S., Sampedro, N., Garcés, E., et al. (2011). Quantitative PCR coupled with melt curve analysis for detection of selected Pseudo-nitzschia spp. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Northern Mediterranean Sea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(5), 1651–1659.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arévalo, F., Bermúdez, M., Salgado, C. (1997). Seguimiento de biotoxinas marinas en las Rías Gallegas: control y evaluación durante los años 1995–1996. In J. Vieites, F. Leira (Eds.), V Reunión Ibérica de Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, Vigo, Spain, pp. 90–101.

  • Bargu, S., Powell, C. L., Wang, Z., Doucette, G., & Silver, M. W. (2008). Note on the occurrence of Pseudo-nitzschia australis and domoic acid in squid from Monterey Bay, CA (USA). Harmful Algae, 7, 45–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besiktepe, S., Ryabushko, L., Ediger, D., Yilmaz, D., Zenginer, A., Ryabushko, V., et al. (2008). Domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup et Hasle (Bacillariophyta) isolated from the Black Sea. Harmful Algae, 7, 438–442.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, J., Acosta, C. P., Bermúdez, M., & Salgado, C. (2002a). Depuration and anatomical distribution of the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin domoic acid in the king scallop Pecten maximus. Aquatic Toxicology, 60, 111–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, J., Bermúdez, M., Arévalo, F., Salgado, C., & Moroño, A. (2002b). Depuration of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) contaminated with domoic acid. Aquatic Living Resources, 15, 53–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, J., Acosta, C. P., Mariño, C., Muñiz, S., Martín, H., Moroño, A., et al. (2006). Depuration of domoic acid from different body compartments of the king scallop Pecten maximus grown in raft culture and natural bed. Aquatic Living Resources, 19, 257–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogan, Y. M., Kennedy, D. J., Harkin, A. L., Gillespie, J., Vause, B. J., Beukers-Stewart, B. D., et al. (2007). Variation in domoic acid concentration in king scallop (Pecten maximus) from fishing grounds around the Isle of Man. Harmful Algae, 6, 81–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bougrier, S., Lassus, P., Bardouil, M., Masselin, P., & Truquet, P. (2003). Paralytic shellfish poison accumulation yields and feeding time activity in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and king scallop (Pecten maximus). Aquatic Living Resoures, 16, 347–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CODEX STAN 292-2008. Standard for live and raw bivalve mollusks.

  • Costa, P. R., & Garrido, S. (2004). Domoic acid accumulation in the sardine Sardina pilchardus and its relationship to Pseudo-nitzschia diatom ingestion. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 284, 261–268.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, P. R., Rosa, R., Duarte-Silva, A., Brotas, V., & Sampayo, M. A. M. (2005). Accumulation, transformation and tissue distribution of domoic acid, the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, in the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. Aquatic Toxicology, 74, 82–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de la Iglesia, P., Giménez, G., & Diogène, J. (2008). Determination of dissolved domoic acid in seawater with reversed-phase extraction disks and rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with head-column trapping. Journal of Chromatography. A, 1215(1–2), 116–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, M., Garcés, E., Camp, J., Matamoros, E. (1995). Actualización de los resultados relativos al seguimiento de fitoplancton en la costa catalana. In E. Matamoros, M. Delgado (Eds.), Actas de la IV Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain, pp. 17–27.

  • Delgado, M., Fernández, M., Diogène, J., Furones, D. (2003). Seguimiento del fitoplancton tóxico en las bahías del Delta del Ebro en los años 2001–2002. In M. Norte, J. J. Fernández (Eds.), Actas de la VIII Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, La Laguna, Spain, pp. 109–120.

  • Doucette, T. A., & Tasker, R. A. (2008). Domoic acid: Detection methods, pharmacology, and toxicology. In L. M. Botana (Ed.), Seafood and freshwater toxins. pharmacology, physiology and detection (2nd Ed.). Boca Raton: CRC.

  • Duinker, A., Hovgaard, P., Svardal, A. (2006). Uptake and elimination of DST in mussels, oysters and scallops. In Abstracts of the 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 165–166.

  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (2008). Standard reference method CEN/TC 275/WG5. Foodstuffs—Determination of domoic acid in shellfish and finfish by RP-HPLC using UV detection.

  • European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). (2009). Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on marine biotoxins in shellfish—Domoic acid—2009. The EFSA Journal, 1181, 1–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferdin, M. E., Kvitek, R. G., Bretz, C. K., Powell, C. L., Doucette, G. J., Lefebvre, K. A., et al. (2002). Emerita analoga (Stimpson)—Possible new indicator species for the phycotoxin domoic acid in California coastal waters. Toxicon, 40, 1259–1265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández, L., Ocaña, A., Fernández, R., Márquez, I. (2003). Control y seguimiento de biotoxinas marinas en la costa Andaluza. Episodios detectados durante 2001 y 2002. In M. Norte, J. J. Fernández (Eds.), Actas de la VIII Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, La Laguna, Spain, pp. 109–120.

  • Fernández, M., Delgado, M., Vila, M., Sampedro, N., Camp, J., Furones, D., Diogène, J. (2007). Resultados del programa de seguimiento de fitoplancton tóxico y biotoxinas en las zonas de producción de bivalvos de Cataluña: años 2003–2006 y primer trimestre del 2007. In J. Gilabert (Ed.), Actas de la IX Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, Cartagena, Spain, pp. 37–46.

  • Fire, S. E., Wang, Z., Leighfield, T. A., Morton, S. L., McFee, W. E., McLellan, W. A., et al. (2009). Domoic acid exposure in pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia spp.) from southeastern and mid-Atlantic U.S. waters. Harmful Algae, 8, 658–664.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guéguen, M., Lassus, P., Laabir, M., Bardouil, M., Baron, R., Séchet, V., et al. (2008). Gut passage times in two bivalve molluscs fed toxic microalgae: Alexandrium minutum, A. catenella and Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha. Aquatic Living Resources, 21, 21–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallegraeff, G. M., Anderson, D. M., & Cembella, A. D. (2003). Manual on harmful marine microalgae (Monographs on oceanographic methodology). Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasle, G. R. (2002). Are most of the domoic acid-producing species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia cosmopolites? Harmful Algae, 1, 137–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaén, D., Mamán, L., Fernández, R., Márquez, I. (2007). Evolución del fitoplancton tóxico en las costas andaluzas durante el periodo 2003–2006. In: J. Gilabert (Ed.), Actas de la IX Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas, Cartagena, Spain, pp. 29–36.

  • James, K. D., Gillman, M., Fernández-Amandi, M., López-Rivera, A., Fernández Puente, P., Lehane, M., et al. (2005). Amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins in bivalve molluscs in Ireland. Toxicon, 46, 852–858.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaniou-Grigoriadou, I., Mouratidou, T., & Katikou, P. (2005). Investigation on the presence of domoic acid in Greek shellfish. Harmful Algae, 4, 717–723.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kotaki, Y. (2008). Ecobiology of amnesic shellfish toxin producing diatoms. In L. M. Botana (Ed.), Seafood and freshwater toxins. pharmacology, physiology and detection (2nd Ed.). Boca Raton: CRC.

  • Lefebvre, K. A., Powell, C. L., Busman, M., Doucette, G. J., Moeller, P. D. R., Silver, J. B., et al. (1999). Detection of domoic acid in northern anchovies and California sea lions associated with an unusual mortality event. Natural Toxins, 7, 85–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K. A., Bargu, S., Kieckhefer, T., & Silver, M. W. (2002a). From sanddabs to blue whales: The pervasiveness of domoic acid. Toxicon, 40, 971–977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K. A., Silver, M. W., Coale, S. L., & Tjeerdema, R. S. (2002b). Domoic acid in planktivorous fish in relation to toxic Pseudo-nitzschia cell densities. Marine Biology, 140, 625–631.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mafra, L. L., Bricelj, V. M., & Fennel, K. (2010a). Domoic acid uptake and elimination kinetics in oysters and mussels in relation to body size and anatomical distribution of toxin. Aquatic Toxicology, 100, 17–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mafra, L. L., Bricelj, V. M., Ouellette, C., & Bates, S. S. (2010b). Feeding mechanics as the basis for differential uptake of the neurotoxin domoic acid by oysters, Crassostrea virginica, and mussels, Mytilus edulis. Aquatic Toxicology, 97, 160–171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mamán, L., Fernández, L., Ocaña, A., Marco, J., Morales, J., Caballos, M., Márquez, I., Aguilar, M. (1999). Seguimiento de fitoplancton tóxico en la costa de Andalucía. Incidencias durante los años 1997 y 1998. In I. Márquez (Ed.), Actas de la VI Reunión Ibérica sobre fitoplancton tóxico y biotoxinas, Sevilla, Spain, pp. 41–49.

  • Mauriz, A., & Blanco, J. (2010). Distribution and linkage of domoic acid (amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins) in subcellular fractions of the digestive gland of the scallop Pecten maximus. Toxicon, 55, 606–611.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moestrup, Ø. (2004). IOC taxonomic reference list of toxic algae. IOC UNESCO. Retrieved from http://ioc.unesco.org/hab/data.htm.

  • Orden ARM/1995/2009, de 23 de julio de 2009, por la que se hacen públicas las nuevas relaciones de zonas de producción de moluscos y otros invertebrados marinos en el litoral español. Boletín Oficial del Estado No. 177, sec. III, 63072–63100.

  • Orsini, L., Sarno, D., Procaccini, G., Poletti, R., Dahlmann, J., & Montresor, M. (2002). Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata (Bacillariophyceae) from the Gulf of Naples: Morphology, toxin analysis and phylogenetic relationships with other Pseudo-nitzschia species. European Journal of Phycology, 37, 247–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, L., Fernández, L., Ocaña, M. A. (2001). Episodios tóxicos en las costas andaluzas durante los años 1999 y 2000. In: C. Gomis, et al. (Eds.), Actas de la VII Reunión Ibérica sobre fitoplancton tóxico y biotoxinas, Alicante, Spain, pp. 189–200.

  • Pulido, O. (2008). Domoic acid toxicologic pathology: A review. Marine Drugs, 6, 180–219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quijano-Scheggia, S., Garcés, E., Andree, K., de la Iglesia, P., Diogène, J., Fortuño, J. M., et al. (2010). Pseudo-nitzschia species in the Catalan Coast: Characterization and contribution to the current knowledge of genus distribution in the Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 74(2), 395–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quilliam, M. A., Xie, M., & Hardstaff, R. (1995). Rapid extraction and cleanup for liquid chromatographic determination of domoic acid in unsalted seafood. Journal of AOAC International, 78(2), 543–554.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsdell, J. S., & Zabka, T. S. (2008). In utero domoic acid toxicity: A fetal basis to adult disease in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Marine Drugs, 6, 262–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (CE) No. 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2007 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin.

  • Rhodes, L., Smith, K., Moisan, C. (2013). Shifts and stasis in marine HAB monitoring in New Zealand. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, in press.

  • Trainer, V. L., Bates, S. S., Lundholm, N., Thessen, A. E., Cochlan, W. P., Adams, N. G., et al. (2012). Pseudo-nitzschia physiological ecology, phylogeny, toxicity, monitoring and impacts on ecosystem health. Harmful Algae, 14, 271–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ujevic, I., Nincevic-Gladan, Z., Roje, R., Skejic, S., Arapov, J., & Marasovic, I. (2010). Domoic acid—A new toxin in the Croatian Adriatic shellfish toxin profile. Molecules, 15, 6835–6849.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Utermöhl, H. (1958). Zur Vervollkommmung der quanttativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitt int Ver theor angew. Limnology, 9, 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vale, P., & Sampayo, M. A. M. (2001). Domoic acid in Portuguese shellfish and fish. Toxicon, 39, 893–904.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Gemma Giménez acknowledges the funding provided by the Beatriu de Pinós–Marie Curie COFUND Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Generalitat de Catalunya) (Commission for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and the COFUND programme of the Marie Curie Actions of the 7th R&D Framework Programme of the European Union). The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria (INIA) through the projects RTA2006-00103-00-00 and RTA2009-00127-00-00, and the Monitoring Program in shellfish harvesting areas of Catalonia, executed by the IRTA for the General Direction of Fisheries and Marine Affairs of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia. The collaboration with ACA and contribution of IRTA’s technical staff are gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Ana Roque (IRTA) has helped with the statistical analysis. Dr. Lesley Rhodes (Cawthron Institute) has revised the manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Gemma Giménez Papiol

    Present address: Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou Km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain

    Gemma Giménez Papiol, Alexis Casanova, Margarita Fernández-Tejedor, Pablo de la Iglesia & Jorge Diogène

Authors
  1. Gemma Giménez Papiol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexis Casanova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Margarita Fernández-Tejedor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pablo de la Iglesia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jorge Diogène
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gemma Giménez Papiol.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Giménez Papiol, G., Casanova, A., Fernández-Tejedor, M. et al. Management of domoic acid monitoring in shellfish from the Catalan coast. Environ Monit Assess 185, 6653–6666 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3054-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3054-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation