Skip to main content

Assessment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 185, pages 6049–6062 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Heavy metals concentrations in surface sediments from Miyun Reservoir were determined to evaluate the pollution and identify the sources. The average content of metals in sediments from Miyun Reservoir followed the order Al>Fe>Ti>Mn>V>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, and the most mean values were lower than the globe average shale. Heavy metals concentrations at the inflow area of Baihe were higher than those at the inflow area of Chaohe. Heavy metals pollution assessment was carried out by factor enrichment (EF), geoaccumulation index (I geo), and potential ecological risk (RI). The EF values for all heavy metals except Hg, Cd, and Cr at several sites were lower than 3, suggesting low anthropogenic impact on the metals level. The I geo values of Pb indicated that half of the sites were unpolluted to moderately polluted and mainly located in the Baihe area of the reservoir. The RI showed that heavy metals of Miyun Reservoir were low potential risk, however, Hg approached or belonged to moderate ecological risk at sites of M5, M7, and M13. Correlation analysis and principal component suggested that Ni, Cu, V, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ti, and Pb were derived from soil erosion in upper reaches of the reservoir, while Fe, Cd, Hg, As, and partial Pb originated from anthropogenic sources, particularly industrial mining and gold tailings.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

References

  • Acero, P., Mandado, J. M. A., Gomez, J., Gimeno, M., Auque, L., & Torrjo, P. (2003). Environmental impact of heavy metals dispersion in the Huerva River (Iberian range, NE Spain). Environmental Geology, 43, 950–956.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acevedo-Figueroa, D., Jimenez, B. D., & Rodriguez-Sierra, C. J. (2006). Trace metals in sediments of two estuarine lagoons from Puerto Rico. Environmental Pollution, 141, 336–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnason, J. G., & Fletcher, B. A. (2003). A40+ year record of Cd, Hg, Pb, and U deposition in sediments of Patroon Reservoir, Albany County, NY, USA. Environmental Pollution, 123, 383–391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, G., & Winkels, H. J. (1998). Modeling sediment accumulation and dispersion of contaminations in ljsselmeer (the Netherlands). Water Science and Technology, 37, 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borum, D. R., & Abemathy, C. O. (1994). Human oral exposure to inorganic arsenic. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 16, 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buccolieri, A., Buccolieri, G., Cardellicchio, N., Dell’Atti, A., Di Leo, A., & Maci, A. (2006). Heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). Marine Chemistry, 99(1–4), 227–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casas, J. M., Rosas, H., Sole, M., & Lao, C. (2003). Heavy metals and metalloids in sediments from Liobreget basin, Spain. Environmental Geology, 44, 325–332.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y. C., Zhang, B. X., & Li, B. L. (1998). Analysis and prediction eutrophication for Miyun Reservoir. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 29(7), 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T. B., Zheng, Y. M., Chen, H., & Zheng, G. D. (2004). Background concentrations of soil heavy metals in Beijing. Environmental Science, 25(1), 117–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. W., Kao, C. M., Chen, C. F., & Dong, C. D. (2007). Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Chemosphere, 66, 1431–1440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Ma, Q. Y., Wang, Y. T., Kang, F. F., Tian, P., & Lu, J. F. (2007). Water chemical properties of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing and the main rivers flowing into the reservoir. Journal Beijing Forestry University, 29(3), 105–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, T. W. (1992). Mercury: major issues in environmental health. Environmental Health Perspective, 100, 31–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J. A., Andrew, S. M., & Johnson, M. S. (1990). Lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoride in small mammals from contaminated grass-land established on fluorspar tailings. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 51, 43–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dang, T. C., & Jeffrey, P. O. (2006). Metal speciation in coastal marine sediments from Singapore using a modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. Applied Geochemistry, 21, 1335–1346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirak, A., Yilmaz, F., Tuna, A. L., et al. (2006). Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern Turkey. Chemosphere, 63, 1451–1458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deniseger, J., Erickson, J., Austin, A., Roch, M., & Clark, M. J. R. (1990). The effects of decreasing heavy metal concentrations on the biota of Buttle Lake. Water Research, 24, 403–416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, W. W., Dunbar, G. B., & Mcleod, H. (1996). Heavy metal history from cores in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. Environmental Geology, 27, 59–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, H. J., & Ji, H. B. (2010). Application of chemometric methods to analyze the distribution and chemical fraction patterns of metals in sediment from a metropolitan river. Environmental Earth Science, 61, 641–657.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du, G. S., Meng, F. Y., Li, X. D., Zhang, W. H., Wang, J. D., & Wu, D. W. (1999). Water quality and development trend of Miyun Reservoir. Environmental Science, 20(2), 110–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du, G. S., Liu, X. D., Liu, X., Ge, X. L., & Pan, X. C. (2004). Analysis on trophic state of water body in Miyun Reservoir. Acta Hydrobiologica, 28(2), 191–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esen, E., Kucuksezgin, F., & Uluturhan, E. (2010). Assessment of trace metal pollution in surface sediments of Nemrut Bay, Aegean Sea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160, 257–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ge, X. L., Liu, X. D., Pan, X. C., Li, Q., & Guang, S. L. (2003). The geochemical characteristics of water body in Miyun Reservoir. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 22(1), 44–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habes, A. G., Yousef, A., & Marc, A. R. (2011). Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Kafrain Dam, Jordan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 178, 95–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control—a sediment logical approach. Water Research, 14, 975–1001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ip, C. C. M., Li, X. D., Zhang, G., Wai, O. W. H., & Li, Y. S. (2007). Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal areas, South China. Environmental Pollution, 147, 311–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias, A., & Mukherjee, A. B. (2007). Trace elements from soil to human. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Karl, K., & Karl, H. W. (1961). Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth’s crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72, 175–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. (2004). Simultaneous determination of Arsenic and Mercy in soil by atomic fluorescence spectrometry with hydride generation. Agro-Environment and Development, 1, 41–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, T. F., & Liu, B. Y. (1989). Mapping of soil background content in Beijing area. Acta Geographica Sinica, 44(1), 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao, H. J. (2007). Investigation and assessment of pollution of heavy metals in the soil of the upstream area of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. City Geology, 2(3), 31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, X. D., Xu, Q., Ge, X. L., Liu, L., & Wu, D. W. (2005). Study on metal forms in sediments of Miyun Reservoir. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 35(S1), 288–1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. L., Li, Y. L., Zhang, B., Cao, J. L., Cao, Z. G., & Domagalski, J. (2009). Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan River source water. Ecotoxicology, 18, 748–758.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loska, K., & Wiechula, D. (2003). Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere, 51, 723–733.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y., Qin, Y. W., Zhang, L., Zheng, B. H., & Jia, J. (2011). Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of Dahuofang Reservoir. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 31(5), 987–995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mucha, A. P., Vascocelos, M. T. S. D., & Bordalo, A. A. (2003). Macrobenthic community in the Doura estuary: relation with trace metals and nature sediments characteristics. Environmental Pollution, 121, 169–180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, G. (1979). Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten desRheins—Veränderungen seit 1971. Umschau, 24, 778–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, G. (1981). Die Schwermetallbelastung der sedimenten des Neckars und seiner Bebenflusse: Bestandsaufnahme. Chemical Zeitung, 105, 157–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pekey, H. (2006). The distribution and sources of heavy metals in Lzimit Bay surface sediments affected by a polluted stream. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52, 1197–1208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poulton, D. J., Morris, W. A., & Coakiey, J. P. (1996). Zonation of contaminated bottom sediments in Hamilton Harbour as defined by statistical classification techniques. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 31, 505–528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadiq, R., Husain, T., Bose, N., & Veitch, B. (2003). Distribution of heavy metals in sediments pore water due to offshore discharge: an ecological risk assessment. Environmental Modelling and Software, 18, 451–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakan, M. S., Dordevic, D. S., Manojlovic, D. D., & Predrag, P. S. (2009). Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments. Journal of Environment Management, 90, 3382–3390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salomons, W., & Stigliani, W. (1995). Biogeodynamics of pollutants in soils and sediments (p. 352). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shang, L. Y., Sun, Y. H., Ji, Y. H., Guo, E. H., & Chen, L. D. (2011). Risk assessment on heavy metals in sediments of rivers flowing into Miyun Reservoir. Environmental Science & Technology, 34(12H), 344–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigel, A., Sigel, H. (1997). Metal ions in biological sysetems. In Mercury and its effects on environment and biology, vol. 34. New York: Marcel Dekker.

  • Singh, K. P., Mohan, D., Singh, V. K., & Malik, A. (2005). Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments—a tributary of the Ganges, India. Journal of Hydrology, 312(1–4), 14–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q. S., Mei, X. R., Zhang, Y. Q., Sun, D. B., & Yu, Y. L. (2009). Review of water quality of Miyun Reservoir, 11(1), 45–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., Yang, Z. F., Shen, Z. Y., Tang, Z. W., Niu, J. F., & Gao, F. (2011). Assessment of heavy metals in sediments from a typical catchment of the Yangtze River, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 172, 407–417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, F. S., Chen, J. S., Wu, Y. Y., & Zheng, C. J. (1991). Study on the background contents on elements of soils in China. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 12(4), 12–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woitke, P., Wellmitz, J., Helm, D., Kube, P., Lepom, P., & Litheraty, P. (2003). Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in suspended soils and sediments of the river Danube. Chemosphere, 51, 663–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Yang, T. X., Liu, X. D., & Ge, X. L. (2003). Analysis and prediction of eutrophication for Miyun Reservoir. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 33(3), 315–318.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Z. Q., Ni, S. J., Tuo, X. G., & Zhang, C. J. (2008). Calculation of heavy metals’ toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk index. Enviromental Science & Technology, 31(2), 112–115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S. Z., Wang, S. X., & Shan, X. Q. (2002). Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in surface sediments from Guanting Reservoir, Beijing. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 37(4), 465–478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang, M., Jia, H. W., Wang, W. H., & Ding, Z. H. (2005). Study on existent form of mercury in sediments of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. Environmental Protection Science, 31(5), 23–25.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank the Division for Water Administration Supervision of Miyun Reservoir Management Office for helping us to collect samples. Furthermore, we thank Feng Jinguo, Huang Xingxing, and Xie Yuqian for their assistance with field sampling. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation of China (41173113).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing Municipal, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China

    Xianfang Zhu, Hongbing Ji, Yan Chen & Mingming Qiao

  2. Civil and Environmental and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Hongbing Ji & Lei Tang

  3. Beijing Geo-engineering Design and Research Institute, Beijing, 101500, China

    Lei Tang

Authors
  1. Xianfang Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongbing Ji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mingming Qiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lei Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hongbing Ji.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhu, X., Ji, H., Chen, Y. et al. Assessment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing. Environ Monit Assess 185, 6049–6062 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3005-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3005-2

Keywords

  • Heavy metals
  • Sediments
  • Pollution assessment
  • Pollution sources
  • Miyun Reservoir