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Effects of transgenic Bt cotton on soil fertility and biology under field conditions in subtropical inceptisol

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment volume 185, pages 485–495 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Although there is large-scale adoption of Bt cotton by the farmers because of immediate financial gain, there is concern that Bt crops release Bt toxins into the soil environment which reduces soil chemical and biological activities. However, the majorities of such studies were mainly performed under pot experiments, relatively little research has examined the direct and indirect effects of associated cover crop of peanut with fertilization by combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen under field conditions. We compared soil chemical and biological parameters of Bt cotton with pure crop of peanut to arrive on a valid conclusion. Significantly higher dehydrogenase enzyme activity and KMnO4-N content of soil were observed in Bt cotton with cover crop of peanut over pure Bt cotton followed by pure peanut at all the crop growth stages. However, higher microbial population was maintained by pure peanut over intercropped Bt cotton, but these differences were related to the presence of high amount of KMnO4-N content of soil. By growing cover crop of peanut between Bt cotton rows, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes population increased by 60%, 14%, and 10%, respectively, over Bt cotton alone. Bt cotton fertilized by combined application of urea and farm yard manure (FYM) maintained higher dehydrogenase enzyme activity, KMnO4-N content of soil and microbial population over urea alone. Significant positive correlations were observed for dry matter accumulation, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, KMnO4-N content, and microbial population of soil of Bt cotton, which indicates no harmful effects of Bt cotton on soil biological parameters and associated cover crop. Our results suggest that inclusion of cover crop of peanut and FYM in Bt cotton enhanced soil chemical and biological parameters which can mask any negative effect of the Bt toxin on microbial activity and thus on enzymatic activities.

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Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledge the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi for providing financial assistance to conduct this study.

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Affiliations

  1. Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110-012, India

    Raman Jeet Singh & I. P. S. Ahlawat

  2. Division of Soil Science and Agronomy, Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248-195, India

    Raman Jeet Singh

  3. Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110-012, India

    Surender Singh

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  1. Raman Jeet Singh
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  2. I. P. S. Ahlawat
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  3. Surender Singh
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Correspondence to Raman Jeet Singh.

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Singh, R.J., Ahlawat, I.P.S. & Singh, S. Effects of transgenic Bt cotton on soil fertility and biology under field conditions in subtropical inceptisol. Environ Monit Assess 185, 485–495 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2569-1

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Keywords

  • Bt cotton
  • Dehydrogenase
  • FYM
  • Microbial activity
  • Nitrogen
  • Peanut
  • Soil