Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Water quality evaluation of two interconnected dam lakes with field-captured and laboratory-acclimated fish, Cyprinus carpio

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Karakaya and Sultansuyu Dam Lakes, located in the eastern part of Turkey, are important water sources, both for irrigation and fishery. The main goal of the study was to investigate water qualities of dam lakes using a set of biomarkers in the fish Cyprinus carpio. For this aim, field sample and laboratory-acclimated fish were compared to identify changes in selected biomarkers. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and carboxylesterase were determined in liver samples. Also, plasma and liver lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were assayed. Brain acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were also determined. The hepatosomatic index and condition factors were calculated. Plasma vitellogenin assays were evaluated for the presence of xenoestrogen. Physicochemical values of water samples showed the existence of eutrophication risk, and also, some chemicals in both lakes were determined to be over tolerable limits. The comparisons of samples from both dam lake and laboratory-acclimated fish showed that the lakes may be at risk of pollution by some xenobiotics, namely xenoestrogens and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrahari, S., Pandey, K. C., & Gopal, K. (2007). Biochemical alteration induced by monocrotophos in the blood plasma of fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 88, 268–272.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aït-Aïssa, S., Ausseil, O., Palluel, O., Vindimian, E., Garnier-Laplace, J., & Porcher, J. M. (2003). Biomarker responses in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after single and combined exposure to low doses of cadmium, zinc, PCB77 and 17beta-oestradiol. Biomarkers, 8, 491–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Y., Matthiessen, P., Scott, A. P., Haworth, S., Feist, S., & Thain, J. E. (1999). The extent of oestrogenic contamination in the UK estuarine and marine environments—further surveys of flounder. The Science of the Total Environment, 233, 5–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2006a). Karakaya Dam, General Directory of State Hydraulic Works, Turkey. http://www.dsi.gov.tr/baraj/detayeng.cfm?BarajID=104. Accessed 10 May 2010.

  • Anonymous (2006b). Sultansuyu Dam. General Directory of State Hydraulic Works, Turkey. http://www.dsi.gov.tr/baraj/detayeng.cfm?BarajID=148. Accessed 10 May 2010.

  • Arufe, M. I., Arellano, J. M., Albendin, G., & Sarasquete, C. (2009). Toxicity of parathion on embryo and yolk-sac larvae of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): Effects on survival, cholinesterase, and carboxylesterase activity. Environmental Toxicology. doi:10.1002/tox.20521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bervoets, L., Van Campenhout, K., Reynders, H., Knapen, D., Covaci, A., & Blust, R. (2009). Bioaccumulation of micropollutants and biomarker responses in caged carp (Cyprinus carpio). Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 72, 720–728.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248–254.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bugel, S. M., White, L.A., & Cooper, K. R. (2010). Impaired reproductive health of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting Newark Bay, NJ, a chronically contaminated estuary. Aquatic Toxicology, 96, 182–193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carballo, M., Aguayo, S., de la Torre, A., & Muñoz, M. J. (2005). Plasma vitellogenin levels and gonadal morphology of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in a receiving rivers downstream of sewage treatment plants. The Science of the Total Environment, 341, 71–79.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Aguiar, L. H., Moraes, G., Avilez, I. M., Altran A. E., & Corrêa, C. F. (2004). Metabolical effects of Folidol 600 on the neotropical freshwater fish matrinxã, Brycon cephalus. Environmental Research, 95, 224–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre, F. R., Salibian, A., & Ferrari, L. (2007). Assessment of the pollution impact on biomarkers of effect of a freshwater fish. Chemosphere, 68, 1582–1590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorabawila, N., & Gupta, G (2005). Endocrine disrupter—estradiol—in Chesapeake Bay tributaries. Journal of Hazardous Materials, A120, 67–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres, V. J., & Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7, 88–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escartin, E., & Porte, C. (1997). The use of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities from Mytilus galloprovincialis in pollution monitoring. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16, 2090–2095.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, C., Fontaínhas-Fernandes, A., Rocha, E., & Salgado, M. A. (2008). Monitoring pollution in Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon, Portugal: Liver histological and biochemical effects in Liza saliens. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 145, 315–322.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, M., Moradas-Ferreira, P., & Reis-Henriques, M. A. (2006). The effect of long-term depuration on phase I and phase II biotransformation in mullets (Mugil cephalus) chronically exposed to pollutants in River Douro Estuary, Portugal. Marine Environmental Research, 61, 326–338.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flammarion, P., Migeon, B., & Garric, J. (1998). Statistical analysis of cyprinid ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase data in a large French watershed. Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 40, 144–153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulton, M. H., & Key, P. B. (2001). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in estuarine fish and invertebrates as an indicator of organophosphorus insecticide exposure and effects. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 37–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greco, L., Capri, E., & Rustad, T. (2007). Biochemical responses in Salmo salar muscle following exposure to ethynylestradiol and tributyltin. Chemosphere, 68, 564–571.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J., & Jakoby, W. B. (1974). Glutathione-S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249, 7130–7139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasselberg, L., Meier, S., & Svardal, A. (2004). Effects of alkylphenols on redox status in first spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquatic Toxicology, 69, 95–105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinck, J. E., Blazer, V. S., Denslow, N. D., Echols, K. R., Gale, R. W., Wieser, C., et al. (2008). Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States. The Science of the Total Environment, 390, 538–557.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iramain, C. A., Owasoyo, J. O., & Egbunike, G. N. (1980). Influence of estradiol on acetylcholinesterase activity in several female rat brain areas and adenohypophysis. Neuroscience Letters, 16, 81–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isoda, H., Talorete, T. P., Kimura, M., Maekawa, T., Inamori, Y., Nakajima, N., et al. (2002). Phytoestrogens genistein and daidzin enhance the acetylcholinesterase activity of the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 by binding to the estrogen receptor. Cytotechnology, 40, 117–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen, P. A. H., Lambert, J. G. D., & Goos, H. J. T. (1995). The annual ovarian cycle and the influence of pollution on vitellogenesis in the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus. Journal of Fish Biology, 47, 509–523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. K., Lomax, D. P., Myers, M. S., Olson, O. P., Sol, S. Y., O’Neill, S. M., et al. (2008). Xenoestrogen exposure and effects in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, WA. Aquatic Toxicology, 88, 29–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, R. A. (2006). Assessment of stress-related bioindicators in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) exposed to discharges from a pulp and paper mill in Newfoundland: A 5-year field study. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 51, 103–110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kime, D. E. (1999). Environmentally induced endocrine abnormalities in fish. In R. E. Hester, & R. M. Harrison (Eds.), Issues in environmental science and technology no. 12: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (pp. 27–48). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, M. F., Smith, A. J., Rooke, J., Neall, P., Scott, A. P., & Katsiadaki, I. (2007). Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and vitellogenin (VTG) in flounder (Platichthys flesus): System interaction, crosstalk and implications for monitoring. Aquatic Toxicology, 81, 233–244.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M.-H., & Wang, Z.-R (2005). Effect of nonylphenol on plasma vitellogenin of male adult guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Environmental Toxicology, 20, 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopes, P. A, Pinheiro, T., Santos, M. C., Mathias, M. L., Collares-Pereira, M. J., & Viegas-Crespo, A. M. (2001). Response of antioxidant enzymes in freshwater fish populations (Leuciscus alburnoides complex) to inorganic pollutants exposure. The Science of the Total Environment, 280, 153–163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti, C. (2003). Molecular targets of lead in brain neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity Research, 5, 221–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, T., Kobayashi, M., Nihei, Y., Kaneko, T., Fukada, H., Hirano, K., et al. (2002). Plasma vitellogenin levels in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri) of Lake Kasumigaura. Fisheries Science, 68, 1055–1066.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menezes, S., Soares, A. M. V. M., Guilhermino, L., & Peck, M. R. (2006). Biomarker responses of the estuarine brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. to non-toxic stressors: Temperature, salinity and handling stress effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 335, 114–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navas, J. M., & Segner, H (2001). Estrogen-mediated suppression of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression in rainbow trout hepatocytes: Role of estrogen receptor. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 138, 285–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O., Lawson, G., Wong, H. K. T., & Azcue, J. M. (1993). A protocol for minimizing contamination in the analysis of trace metals in Great Lakes waters. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 19, 175–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozmen, M., Dominguez, S. E., & Fairbrother, A. (1998). Effects of dietary azinphos methyl on selected plasma and tissue biomarkers of the greytailed vole. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60, 194–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozmen, M., Sener, S., Mete, A., & Kucukbay, H. (1999). In vitro and in vivo acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting effect of new classes of organophophorus compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18, 241–246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozmen, M., Güngördü, A., Kücükbay, F. Z., & Güler, R. E. (2006). Monitoring the effects of water pollution on Cyprinus carpio in Karakaya Dam Lake, Turkey. Ecotoxicology, 15, 157–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, R. T., Porto, C. S., Godinho, R. O., & Abdalla, F. M. (2008). Effects of estrogen on intracellular signaling pathways linked to activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and on acetylcholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus. Biochemical Pharmacology, 75, 1827–1834.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer, S., Schiedek, D., & Dippner J. W. (2005). Effect of temperature and salinity on acetylcholinesterase activity, a common pollution biomarker, in Mytilus sp. from the south-western Baltic Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 320, 93–103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quintaneiro, C., Querido, D., Monteiro, M., Guilhermino, L., Morgado, F., & Soares, A. M. V. M. (2008). Transport and acclimation conditions for the use of an estuarine fish (Pomatoschistus microps) in ecotoxicity bioassays: Effects on enzymatic biomarkers. Chemosphere, 71, 1803–1808.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santhoshkumar, P., & Shivanandappa, T. (1999). In vitro sequestration of two organophosphorus homologs by the rat liver. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 119–120, 277–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, C. J., Hinck, J. E., Blazer, V. S., Denslow, N. D., Dethloff, G. M., Bartish, T. M., et al. (2005). Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Rio Grande and its U.S. tributaries: Spatial and temporal trends. The Science of the Total Environment, 350, 161–193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloof, W., Van Kreijl, C. F., & Baars, A. J. (1983). Relative liver weights and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of fish from polluted surface waters in the Netherlands. Aquatic Toxicology, 4, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solé, M., Barceló, D., & Porte, C. (2002). Seasonal variation of plasmatic and hepatic vitellogenin and EROD activity in carp, Cyprinus carpio, in relation to sewage treatment plants. Aquatic Toxicology, 60, 233–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stansley, W., & Washuta, E. J. (2007). Initial survey of plasma vitellogenin and gonadal development in male carp (Cyprinus carpio) from three locations in New Jersey, USA. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 78, 181–185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephensen, E., Sturve J., & Förlin, L. (2002). Effects of redox cycling compounds on glutathione content and activity of glutathione-related enzymes in rainbow trout liver. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 133, 435–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teles, M., Pacheco, M., & Santos, M. A. (2005). Sparus aurata L. liver EROD and GST activities, plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose and erythrocytic nuclear anomalies following short-term exposure either to 17β -estradiol (E2) or E2 combined with 4-nonylphenol. The Science of the Total Environment, 336, 57–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teles, M., Pacheco, M., & Santos, M. A. (2006). Biotransformation, stress and genotoxic effects of 17β-estradiol in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Environment International, 32, 470–477.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Oost, R., Beyer, J., & Vermeulen, N. P. E. (2003). Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 13, 57–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheelock, C. E., Eder, K. J., Werner, I., Huang, H., Jones, P. D., Brammell, B., et al. (2005). Individual variability in esterase activity and CYP1A levels in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos. Aquatic Toxicology, 74, 172–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, J. J., Jung, R. E., Schmitt, C. J., & Tillitt, D. E. (2000). Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 30, 347–570.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WPCR (2004). Water pollution control regulation of Turkey. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Turkish Official Gazette. Issue: 25687.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey

    Abbas Güngördü & Murat Ozmen

Authors
  1. Abbas Güngördü
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Murat Ozmen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abbas Güngördü.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Güngördü, A., Ozmen, M. Water quality evaluation of two interconnected dam lakes with field-captured and laboratory-acclimated fish, Cyprinus carpio . Environ Monit Assess 184, 763–776 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2000-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2000-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation