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Identification of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics in surface waters of the Mololoa River in Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico

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Abstract

Heavy metal and antibiotic resistance have been shown to have a strong correlation in nature, and their inter-relation is an important subject of study. We report an analysis of surface waters of the Mololoa River in the municipality of Tepic, state of Nayarit, Mexico. This river has two distinctive sources of contamination: sewage waters and trash confinements. Our findings demonstrate a correlation between the river flow pattern and resistance to heavy metals or to heavy metals and antibiotics in isolated bacteria of the genus Enterococcus, specifically Enterococcus faecalis. The Mololoa River provides a model to study the relationship between water flow and generation of biodiversity, and more importantly, it constitutes a model for studying genetic diversity of bacteria affecting human health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura “Amado Nervo”, Tepic, Nayarit, C.P. 63155, México

    Verónica Alejandra Mondragón, Dámaris F. Llamas-Pérez, Gladis E. González-Guzmán, Roberto Padilla-Noriega & Ma. de Jesús Durán-Avelar

  2. Unidad Académica de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, México

    Antonio R. Márquez-González

  3. Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México

    Bernardo Franco

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  1. Verónica Alejandra Mondragón
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  2. Dámaris F. Llamas-Pérez
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  3. Gladis E. González-Guzmán
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Correspondence to Verónica Alejandra Mondragón.

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Mondragón, V.A., Llamas-Pérez, D.F., González-Guzmán, G.E. et al. Identification of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics in surface waters of the Mololoa River in Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Environ Monit Assess 183, 329–340 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1924-y

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