Abstract
CO2 release from forest soil is a key driver of carbon cycling between the soil and atmosphere ecosystem. The rate of CO2 released from soil was measured in three forest stands (in the mountainous region near Beijing, China) by the alkaline absorption method from 2004 to 2006. The rate of CO2 released did not differ among the three stands. The CO2 release rate ranged from − 341 to 1,193 mg m − 2 h − 1, and the mean value over all three forests and sampling times was 286 mg m − 2 h − 1. CO2 release was positively correlated with soil water content and the soil temperature. Diurnally, CO2 release was higher in the day than at night. Seasonally, CO2 release was highest in early autumn and lowest in winter; in winter, negative values of CO2 release suggested that CO2 was absorbed by soil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bekku, Y., Koizumi, H., Oikawa, T., et al. (1997). Examination of four methods for measuring soil respiration. Applied Soil Ecology, 5, 247–254.
Bijrachary, R. M., Lasl, R., & Kimble, J. M. (2000). Diurnal and seasonal CO2-C flux form soil as related to erosion phases in central Ohio. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 286–293.
Britta, W., & Hooshang, M. (2001). Soil CO2 efflux and roots respiration at three sites in a mixed pine and spruce forest: Seasonal and diurnal variation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 786–796.
Borken, W., Xu, Y.J., Brumme, R., & Lamersdorf, N. (1999). A climate change scenario for carbon dioxide and dissolved organic carbon fluxes from a temperate forest soil: Drought and rewetting effects. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63, 1848–1855.
Castro, M. S., Peter john, W. T., Melillo, J. M., et al. (1994). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the releases of NO2, CH4, and CO2 from soils in a Florida slash pine plantation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 9–13.
Chen, P. Q., Huang, Y., & Yu, G. R. (2004). Carbon cycle of global system (pp. 24, 222). Beijing: Scientific (in Chinese).
Davidson, E. A., Verchot, L. V., Gattanio, J. H., et al. (2000). Effects of soil water content on soil respiration in forests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia. Biogeochemistry, 48, 53–69.
Dong, Y. S., Peng, G. B., & Li, J. (1996). Seasonal variations of CO2, CH4 and N2O releases from temperate forest soil in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 51(supplement), 120–127.
FAO (1997). FAO/UNESCO soil map of the world. Revised legend with corrections and updates. World Soil Resources Report 60, FAO, Rome. Reprinted with updates as Technical Paper 20, ISRIC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Fernandez, I. J. (1993). Soil carbon dioxide characteristics under different forest types and after harvest. Soil Science of Society America, 57, 1115–1121.
Gaelle, V., Ali, R. S., Eric, L., et al. (2006). Spatial and seasonal variations in soil respirations in a temperate deciduous forest with fluctuating water table. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 38, 2527–2535.
Gao, C. D., Sun, X. Y., Zhang, L., et al. (2009). Changing characteristics of CO2 flux from the interface of soil atmosphere at arid area in north temperate. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 31(6), 32–38.
Grace, J. (2004). Understanding and managing the global carbon cycle. Journal of Ecology, 92, 189–202.
Griffiths, H., & Jarvis, P. (2005). The carbon balance of forest biomes (pp. 319–320). UK: Taylor and Francis.
Hernandez-Ramirez, S. M., Brouder, D., Smith, R., & Van Scoyoc, G. E. (2009). Greenhouse gas releases in an Eastern corn belt soil: Weather, nitrogen source, and rotation. Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(3), 841–854.
Huang, Z. L., & Xiao, W. F. (2008). Biome and stand ages impacts on soil CO2 efflux and partitioning: A global trends. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(9), 4078–4087.
Hubbard, M. R., Ryan, M. G., Elder, K., et al. (2005). Seasonal patterns in soil surface CO2 flux under snow cover in 50 and 300 year old subalpine forests. Biogeochemistry, 73, 93–107.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001). Climate change 2001: The synthesis report. Cambridge (p. 397). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Jensen, L. S., Mueller, T., Tate, K. R., et al. (1996). Soil surface CO2 flux as an index of soil respiration in situ: A comparison of two chamber methods. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28(10–11), 1297–1306.
Jiang, G. M., & Hong, Y. X. (1997). A simulated study on the measurement of soil CO2 emission from forest stand of Quercus liaotungensis in Beijing mountain areas. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 17(5), 477–482.
Liu, S. H., et al. (1998). Soil respiration of mountainous temperate forest in Beijing, China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 22(2), 119–126.
Nakadai, T., Koizumi, H., Usami, Y., et al. (1993). Examination of the method for measuring soil respiration in cultivated: Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on soil respiration. Ecological Research, 8, 65–71.
Rach, J. W., & Tufekcioglu, A. (2000). Vegetation and soil respiration: Correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry, 48, 79–90.
Raich, J. W., & Schelesinger, W. H. (1992). The global carbon dioxide release in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus, 44(2), 81–99.
Saurette, D. D., Chang, S. X., & Thomas, B. R. (2006). Some characteristics of soil respiration in hybrid poplar plantations in northern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86, 257–268.
Singh, J. S., & Gupta, S. R. (1977). Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystem. Botanical Review, 43, 449–528.
Sun, X. Y. (1999). Greenhouse effect gas exchange between forest soil and atmosphere. World Forestry Research, 12(2), 37–43, (in Chinese).
USDA/NRCS (2010). Keys to soil taxonomy (11th Ed., p. 35). Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Wang, J. L., & Li, Y. X. (1992). Forestry history in Beijing. Beijing: Scientific and Technological Press of China (in Chinese).
Xu, H. Ch. (1994). Distribution of mountain forestry in Hebei Province. In: H. Ch. Xu, & J. B. Zheng (Eds.), Study on closing the land for reforestation (pp. 1–10). Beijing: Forest Press of China (in Chinese).
Xu, H. Ch., et al. (1979). Relationship between the seasonal variation of soil water content and tree growth. Scientica Silva Sinicae, 15(2), 97–104, (in Chinese).
Xu, S. X., Zhao, X. Q., Li, Y. N., et al. (2004). Carbon dioxide flux analysis of alpine shrubs at growing season and non-growing season in Tibetan plateau. Chinese Science D, 34(S2), 118–124.
Yu, G. R. (2003). Global change, carbon cycle and storage in terrestrial ecosystem (Vol. 12, pp. 43–96). Beijing: Meteorological Press (in Chinese).
Zhang, W. R., & Xu, B. D. (1984). Research methods on forest soil (pp. 68–70). Beijing: Forestry Publisher of China (in Chinese).
Zheng, H. Y., & Zhang, D. S. (1982). Research method of soil on biochemical. Beijing: Science Publisher of China (in Chinese).
Zhou, G. Sh. (2003). Global carbon cycles (pp. 21–24). Beijing: Meteorological (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, X.Y., Gao, C.D., Zhang, L. et al. Characteristics of CO2 release from forest soil in the mountains near Beijing. Environ Monit Assess 175, 193–200 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1505-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1505-5