Abstract
PAHs are formed during the incomplete combustion of organic substances containing carbon and hydrogen and are one of the first atmospheric pollutants identified as carcinogens. Most of the PAH environmental burden is found in the soil (95%). Soil samples collected from different roadsides were analyzed for seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out by UV Spectrophotometer. The individual PAH value ranged from 0.1 to 18.0 mg/kg. Phenenthrene and Pyrene were found to be the most abundant compounds. Vehicle emissions are the principal source of PAH in the Roadside soils. The highest concentration was found at site S2 (Hasthtnagri Roadside) which shows the highest traffic density.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anwar, J. (2003). Vehicular contamination of dust in Amman, Jordan. The Environmentalist, 23, 205–210.
Bories, G. (Ed.) (1988). Tossicologia e Sicurezza degli Alimenti (pp. 359–372). Milan Tecniche Nuove.
Bossert, I. P., & Bartha, R. (1986). Structure-biodegradability relationships of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 37, 490–495.
Constable, D. J. C., Smith, R. A, & Tsansaksa, J. (1984). Comparison of solvent reduction methods for contamination and toxicology. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18, 975.
Crepineau, C., & Rychen, G. (2003). Assessment of soil and grass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination levels in agricultural fields located near a motorway or airport. Agronomie, 23, 345–348.
Edwards, N. T. (1989). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in terrestrial environment- A review. Journal of Environmental Quality, 12, 427–441.
ENDS (1994). ENDS report 220, 5–6.
Howsam, M., & Jones, K. C. (1998). Sources of PAHs in the environment. In: A. H. Neilson (ed.), Anthropogenic compounds. PAHs and related compounds (p.137–174). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
IARC (1983). Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Part 1. Chemical environmental and experimental data. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans (Vol. 32, pp. 33–91). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Johnston, N., Sadler, R., Shaw, G. R., & Connell, D. W. (1993). Environmental modification of PAH composition in coal tar containing samples. Chemosphere, 27, 1151–1158.
Jone, K. C. (1989a). Environmental Science & Technology, 23, 540–550.
Jone, K. C. (1989b). Environmental Science & Technology, 23, 95–101.
Khalili, N. R., Scheff, P. A., & Holsen, T. M. (1995). Atmospheric Environment, 29(4), 533–542.
Lee, W. J., Wang, Y. F., Lin T. C., & Chen,Y. Y. (1995). The Science of the Total Environment, 159(2), 185–200.
Mackay, D., & Shiu, W. Y. (1992). Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. Michigan, USA: Lewis.
Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., & Ma, K. C. (1992). Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals. Chelsea, MI: Lewis.
Maliszewska-kordbach, B., & Oleszek, W. (1994). The use of high performance liquid chromatography for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil samples. Acta Chromatica, 3, 84–93.
Moret, S., Dudin, A., & Conte, L. S. (2000). Processing effects on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of grapeseed oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 77, 1289–1292.
Park, K. S., Sims, R. S., Dupont, R. R., & Docette, W. J. (1990). Fate of PAH compounds in two soil types: Influence of volatization, abiotic loss and biological activity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9, 187–195.
Schwarzenbach, R. P., Gschwend, P. M. & Imboden, D-M. (1993). Environmental organic chemistry. New York: Wiley.
Scow, K. M., & Johnson, C. R. (1997). Effect of sorption on biodegradation of soil pollutants. Advances in agronomy, 58, 1–56.
Sims, R. C., & Overcash, M. R. (1983). Fate of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PNAs) in soil-plant system. Research Reviews, 88, 1–67.
Smith, D. J. T., Edelhauser, E. C., & Harrison, R. M. (1994). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in road dust and soil samples collected in United Kingdom and Pakistan. Environmental Technology, 16, 45–53.
Tuhackova, J., Cajthaml, T., Novak, K., Novotny, C., & Merlelik, J. (2001). Hydrocarbon deposition and soil microflora as affected by highway traffic. Environmental Pollution, 113, 255–262.
Wenclawiak, B., Rathmann, C., & Teuber, A. (1992). Supercritical-fluid extraction of soil sampes and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by HPLC. Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 344(10–11), 497–500 (Eng).
Wild, S. R., & Jones, K. C. (1995). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom environment: A preliminary source inventory and budget. Environmental Pollution, 88, 91–108.
Wilson, S. C., & Jones, K. C. (1993). Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons: Review. Environmental Pollution, 81, 229–249.
Zheng, M., & Fang, M. (2000). Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Hong Kong. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 117, 175–189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, A., Ishaq, M. & Khan, M.A. Effect of vehicle exhaust on the quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Environ Monit Assess 137, 363–369 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9771-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9771-6