Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Trace Level Determination of U, Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in Drinking Water Samples

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concentration of uranium has been assessed in drinking water samples collected from different locations in Bathinda district, Punjab, India. The water samples are taken from hand pumps and tube wells. Uranium is determined using fission track technique. Uranium concentration in the water samples varies from 2.23± 0.05 to 87.05± 0.29 μg/L. These values are compared with safe limit values recommended for drinking water. The uranium concentration in almost all drinking water samples is found to be more than the safe limit. Analysis of some heavy metals viz. Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in water is made. The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine and total hardness along with the pH value and conductivity of the water samples are measured. Some of the samples show stunningly high values of these parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry): 1999, Toxicological Profile for Uranium, US Department of Health Physics and Human Service, Atlanta, G.A.

  • Berggren, D.: 1992, ‘Speciation of copper in soil solution from podzols and cambisols of S. Sweden’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 62, 111–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cothern, C. R. and Lappenbusch, W. L.: 1983, ‘Occurrence of uranium in drinking water in the U.S.’, Health Phys. 45(1), 89–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G. S., Kelly, J. M. and Mays, P. A.: 1992, ‘Ozone acidic precipitation and soil Mg impacts on soil and loblolly pine seedling nutrient status after three growing seasons’, Water Air Soil Pollut. 63, 281–294.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, J. E.: 1989, ‘The inflence of pH, soil type and time on adsorption and uptake by plants of Cd added to the soil’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 48, 317–335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, J. E.: 1990a, ‘A field study on factors influencing Cd level in soils and grain of oats and winter wheat’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 53, 69–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, J. E.: 1990b, ‘Effects of nitrogen containing fertilizers on solubility and plant of Cadmium’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 49, 355–368.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, R. L. and Lovett, D. B.: 1968, ‘Uranium and boron content of water by particle track etching’, Geochim, Cosmochim. Acta. 32, 1126–1128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, A. P., Villeneuve, D. C., Secours, V. E., Yaagminas, A. P., Tracy, B. L., Quinn, J. M., Valli, V. E., Wiles, R. J. and Moss, M. A.: 1998, ‘Uranyl nitrate: 91-day exposure and recovery studies in the male New Zealand white rabbit’, Toxicol. Sci. 41, 138–151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoo, L. S., Samat, A. and Othman, M. R.: 2004, ‘The level of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn) at residential area near by Labu River System Riverbank, Malaysia’, Res. J. Chem. and Environ. 8(3), 24–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hursh, J. B. and Spoor, N. L.: 1973, ‘Data on man’, in H. C. Hodge, J. N. Standard, and J. B. Hursh (eds), Uranium, Plutonium Transplutonic Elements: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 197–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection)-30: 1979, Limits for Intake of Radionuclides by Workers. Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.

  • Ilic, R. and Durrani, S. A.: 2003, ‘Solid Satate Nuclear Track Detectors. In: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis’, 2nd edition. M.F.L’Annunziata, ed.

  • Kathern, R. L. and Moore, R. H.: 1986, ‘Acute accidental inhalation of U: A 38 year follow-up’, Health Phys. 51(5), 609–619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathern, R. L., McInroy, J. F., Moore, R. H. and Dietert, S. E.: 1989, ‘Uranium in the tissues of an occupationally exposed individual’, Health Phys. 57(1), 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochhar, N.: 1989, ‘High heat producing granites of the Malani igneous suite Northern Peninsular, India’, Indian Minerals. 45, 339–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koller, L. D.: 1980, ‘Immunotoxicology of heavy metals’, Int. J. Immunopharmac. 2, 269–279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaresan, M. and Riyazuddin, P.: 1999, ‘Chemical speciation of trace metals’, Res. J. Chem. and Environ. 3(4), 59–79.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legget, R. W.: 1989, ‘The behavior and chemical toxicity of U in the kidney: A reassessment’, Health Phys. 57(3), 365–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leita, L. and De Nobili, M.: 1991, ‘Water soluble fraction of heavy metals during composting municipal solid waste’, J. Environ. Qual. 20, 73–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lussenhop, A. J., Gallimore, J. C., Sweat, W. H., Struxness, E. G. and Robinson, J.: 1958, ‘The toxicity in man of hexavalent uranium following intravenous admission’, Anna. J. Roentgenol. 79, 83–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahajan, R. K. and Mahajan, A.: 1999, ‘Differential pulse anodic stripping voltametric determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu simultaneously in seawater’, Research J. Chem. Environ. 3, 25–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matta, J., Milad, M., Manger, R. and Torteson, T.: 1999, ‘Heavy metals, lipid perocidation and ciguatera toxicity in the liver of the carbbean barracuda (sphyraena barracuda)’, Biol. Heavy Elem. Res. 70, 59–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obbard, J. P. and Jones, K. C.: 1993, ‘The effects of heavy metals on dinitrogen fixation by rhizobium- white clover in a range of long term sewage sludge amended and metal contaminated soils’, Environ. Pollut. 79, 105–112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Severson, R. C., Gough, L. P. and Van der Boom, G.: 1992, ‘Baseline element concentrations in solids and plants, Wattenmeer National Park, north and east Frisian Islands, Fedral of Germany’, Water, Air Soil Pollut. 61, 169–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shawky, S., Amer, A., Hussein, M. I., El-Mahdy, Z. and Mustafa, M.: 2002, ‘Uranium bioassay and radioactive dust measurements at some uranium processing sites in Egypt-health effects’, J. Environ. Monit. 4, 588–591.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P., Rana, N. P. S., Naqvi, A. H. and Srivastava, D. S.: 1995, ‘Quantitative Determination of Uranium in Water Samples from Jhansi and Allahabad’, in D. S. Srivastava and R. Prasad (eds), Eighth National Symposium on Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors, 27 October–29 September 1993, Aligarh, India, pp. 197–201.

  • Taras, M. J., Greenberg, A. E., Hook, R. D. and Rand, M. C.: 2003, ‘Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water’, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 13, 178 pp.

  • Trivedi, R. K. and Goel, P. K.: 1984, ‘Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies’, Dept. of Environmental Pollution, YC College of Sciences, Karad, 17 pp.

  • UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations): 2000, Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations, New York.

  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency): 2003, ‘Current Drinking Water Standards’, Ground Water and Drinking Water Protection Agency, pp. 1–12.

  • WHO (World Health Organization): 2003, ‘Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd edn., Geneva.

  • Zou, Y., Brandvold, D. and Li, Z.: 2004, ‘Heavy metal analysis of ponderosa pine tree rings along the upper Pecos river’, Research J. Chem. Environ. 8(3), 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Surinder Singh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kumar, M., Singh, S. & Mahajan, R.K. Trace Level Determination of U, Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in Drinking Water Samples. Environ Monit Assess 112, 283–292 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1069-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1069-6

Keywords

Navigation