Abstract
Measurement of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and analysis of toxic metals in air of Kochi city was carried out for a period of one year, 1997. Seasonal variations of RSPM and toxic metals are analysed to identify the influence of meteorological parameters. The air pollution problem with respect to RSPM and lead is moderately significant especially in winter season. The profile of other toxic metals in RSPM is not much significant. Domestic fuel used mainly coal/wood and petrol/diesel fueled motor vehicles are the major contributors to the RSPM and toxic metals. Various control strategies are delineated for reduction of ambient RSPM and toxic metals in air of Kochi city.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, K.R., Avol, E.L., Edward, S.A., Shamoo, D.A., Peng, R.C., Linn, W.S. and Hackny, J.S.: 1992, ‘Controlled exposures of volunters to respirable carbon and sulphuric acid aerosols’, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 42, 771–776.
Bhanarkar, A.D., Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 2002a, ‘Air pollution concentration in Haryana sub-region, India’, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 69, 690–695.
Bhanarkar, A.D., Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 2002b, ‘Assessment of air pollution from small scale industry’, Environ. Monit. Assess. 80, 125–133.
Brandon, C. and Kirsten, H.: 1995, ‘The Cost of Inaction: Valuing the Economy-wide Cost of Environment Degradation in India’, World Bank, Washington, DC.
Chelani, A., Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 2001, ‘Ambient toxic metals in air of Mumbai city, India’, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 66, 196–206.
Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lowenthal, D.H., Solomon, P.A., Mogoliand, K.L., Ziman, S.D. and Richards, L.W.: 1992, ‘PM10 sources apportionment in California’s San Joaquin Valley’, Atmos. Environ. 26A, 3335–3354.
Dockery, D.W. and Papes, C.A.: 1994, ‘Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution,’ Ann. Rev. Public Health 15, 107–132.
Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 1999, ‘Ambient lead levels in urban areas’, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 62, 403–408.
Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 1997, ‘Lead pollution from gasoline powered motor vehicles and abatement strategies’, Indian J. Environ. Protec. 17, 86–90.
Gajghate, D.G., Thakre, R. and Aggrawal, A.L.: 1997, ‘Strategic considerations for lead pollution control in Kanpur city’, Indian J. Chem. Soc. 75, 23–26.
Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 1996, ‘Approaches for Management of Air Pollution and Control Strategy’, in Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management, Nagpur, pp. 169–175.
Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: 1995, ‘Status of aerosol with specific reference to toxic trace metals constituents in urban air environment’, J. Chem. Environ. Sci. 4, 67–74.
Katz, M.: 1977, ‘Methods for Air Sampling and Analysis’, 2nd ed., APHA Press, INC, Spring Field, VA.
Khandekar, R.N., Mishra, U.C. and Vohra, K.G.: 1984, ‘Environmental lead exposure of an urban indian population’, Sci. Tot. Environ. 20, 269–278.
Mathur, P.K., Gajghate, D.G. and Hasan, M.Z.: ‘Environmental lead and children: A review’, Indian J. of Environ. Protec. 17, 161–165.
NEERI: 1998, Introduction of Environmental Economics into Decision Making for Sustainable Development: Air Media Project Report Submitted to IGIDR under Capacity 21 Project, Nagpur, India.
NEERI: 2000, ‘Ambient Air Quality Status in Ten Cities in India: 1996’, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.
NEERI: 2001, ‘Ambient Air Quality Status in Ten Cities in India: 1997–98’, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.
Negi, B.S., Sadasivan, S. and Mishra, U.C.: 1987, ‘A composition of aerosol and sources in urban area in India’, Atmos. Environ. 21, 1259–1266.
Sadasivan, S. and Negi, B.S.: 1990, ‘Frequency distribution in the city of Varanasi’, Atmos. Environ. 28, 2117–2323.
Schroeder, W.H., Dobson, M., Kane, D.M. and Johnson, N.D.: 1987, ‘Trace elements associated with the air borne particulate matter: A review’, JAPC 37, 1268–1285.
WHO: 1977, ‘Environmental Health Criteria’, Vol. 3, Lead, Geneva.
World Bank: 1997, ‘Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia: Greater Mumbai Report’, in J.J. Shah and T. Nagpal (eds), World Bank Technical paper No. 381, Washington DC, pp. 25–29.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gajghate, D.G., Bhanarkar, A.D. Characterisation of particulate matter for toxic metals in ambient air of Kochi City, India. Environ Monit Assess 102, 119–129 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4535-7
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4535-7