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Diversity of copper resistant Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strains, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker, in Iran

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Abstract

In the current study, an extensive investigation was carried out for evaluation of copper-resistant (CuR) strains of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) in all citrus-growing regions of Iran. A total of 230 strains was obtained from symptomatic samples of Mexican lime and grapefruit in seven provinces. The strains were identified as Xcc pathotype A*. The present study is the most updated geographical distribution of the pathogen in Iran. Different sensitivity levels to copper were observed among strains. Some strains had the CuR phenotype. The CuR strains were restricted to two counties (Darab and Jahrom) of the Fars province. The resistant phenotypes of CuR strains were related to the copLAB genes, except for three strains that were PCR negative for copLAB and copABCD. There was variation in the size of the copB PCR amplicons in the strains analyzed. Three variant groups of copB were detected among the strains (variants П, V and VI). This is the first report which reveals the contribution of copB size of 1425 bp (variant П) to Xcc resistance to copper. According to our assays, X. euvesicatoria ICMP109 is clustered in the VI variant group. Furthermore, a new variant was identified based on copB features in Xcc A* strains from Singapore and Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of copLAB sequences showed that two copper resistance genotypes of Xcc A* exist in Iranian strains. Better understanding of resistance to copper could help preventing the selection and spread of CuR strains to new regions or hosts plants.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Shiraz University.

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  1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran

    Mahsa Izadiyan & Sayed Mohsen Taghavi

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  1. Mahsa Izadiyan
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Correspondence to Mahsa Izadiyan.

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Izadiyan, M., Taghavi, S.M. Diversity of copper resistant Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strains, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker, in Iran. Eur J Plant Pathol 168, 593–606 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-023-02786-w

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