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Trends in vector-borne transmission efficiency from coinfected hosts: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 and Grapevine virus A

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Abstract

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is the most prevalent and destructive virus species that contributes to grapevine leafroll disease, an economically damaging disease that affects vineyards globally. Grapevine virus A (GVA) is a virus species in the rugose wood complex and is associated with several vineyard diseases. Both virus species are transmitted by several mealybug species. Transmission efficiency is a major facet of pathogen spread and may be influenced by virus species interactions in the vector or host. We tested transmission efficiency of GLRaV-3 and GVA from nine field-collected source vine samples of Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay by first instars of Planococcus ficus. Transmission of GLRaV-3 was 22% greater than transmission of GVA. Establishment of new mixed GLRaV-3/GVA infections did not differ significantly from single GLRaV-3 infections following inoculation by P. ficus. These results suggest that GVA may have a higher likelihood of establishing new infections in concert with GLRaV-3 than in single infections.

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

AAP:

Acquisition access period

GLRaV-3:

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3

GVA:

Grapevine virus A

IAP:

Inoculation access period

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Acknowledgements

Foundation Plant Services of the University of California, Davis, kindly provided cuttings of certified virus-free V. vinifera, which were used in the greenhouse experiments. We thank the cooperating grower for providing access to the vineyard cuttings. We thank R. Lopez and M. Wong for their assistance with processing samples. This research was funded by the American Vineyard Foundation and through the United States Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative program, and in part by an undergraduate research fellowship awarded to S. Zhang by the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and management at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA

    G. K. Blaisdell, S. Zhang, K. M. Daane & R. P. P. Almeida

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    A. Rowhani & V. Klaassen

  3. University of California Cooperative Extension, Napa, CA, 94559, USA

    M. L. Cooper

Authors
  1. G. K. Blaisdell
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  2. S. Zhang
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  3. A. Rowhani
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  4. V. Klaassen
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  5. M. L. Cooper
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  6. K. M. Daane
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  7. R. P. P. Almeida
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Correspondence to R. P. P. Almeida.

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The authors certify that we do not have any actual or potential conflict of interest, the study described is original, and has not been published previously. All authors have reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version of manuscript before submission.

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Blaisdell, G.K., Zhang, S., Rowhani, A. et al. Trends in vector-borne transmission efficiency from coinfected hosts: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 and Grapevine virus A. Eur J Plant Pathol 156, 1163–1167 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01916-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01916-7

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