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Inhibitory extracts of calamondin leaves associated with precipitous decline of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri populations

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Abstract

The relative susceptibility of six Rutaceae family genotypes to bacterial citrus canker (CC) caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) was assessed by measuring and comparing in planta bacterial populations over time following inoculation using a minimally destructive inoculation. These genotypes included lime (Citrus aurantifolia), grapefruit (C. paradisi), sweet orange (C. sinensis), calamondin (C. reticulata X C. japonica), kumquat (C. japonica), and orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata). Internal Xcc populations in orange jessamine plateaued early and remained significantly lower than other genotypes. Xcc populations increased rapidly in all other genotypes, decreasing precipitously and significantly over time in kumquat and calamondin as compared to the more susceptible genotypes sweet orange, grapefruit, and lime. Xcc populations in calamondin peaked by 7 DPI then began to fall significantly relative to the more susceptible genotypes sweet orange, grapefruit, and lime. Given the steep decline in populations in calamondin and kumquat, we compared water-soluble extracts from healthy leaf tissue from all previously investigated Citrus genotypes to determine if the extracts had any inhibitory effect on Xcc, implicating them in this abrupt population decline late in the infection process. Only extracts from calamondin leaf tissue significantly inhibited Xcc growth within 24 h. Potentially, constitutively produced inhibitory compounds in calamondin may result in less severe CC symptoms as a result of the rapid decline in Xcc populations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Timothy Gottwald, Greg McCollum, and Xiuxiu Sun for their assistance. Facilities and funding supplied by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA

    Christopher M. Ference, Elizabeth A. Baldwin & John A. Manthey

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Christopher M. Ference & Jeffrey B. Jones

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  1. Christopher M. Ference
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Correspondence to Jeffrey B. Jones.

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Ference, C.M., Baldwin, E.A., Manthey, J.A. et al. Inhibitory extracts of calamondin leaves associated with precipitous decline of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri populations. Eur J Plant Pathol 156, 451–461 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01894-w

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