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Macrolactin a is the key antibacterial substance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D2WM against the pathogen Dickeya chrysanthemi

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Abstract

B. amyloliquefaciens D2WM, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from the Camellia oleifera rhizosphere, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity and has the capacity to promote plant growth, and this study aimed to determine its antibacterial mechanism against the soft rot disease pathogen D. chrysanthemi HBEU-9. The metabolites from D2WM were also identified and purified. The crude extract (CE) of D2WM effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of five fungal species and the growth of five bacterial species. In particular, CE was well able to inhibit walnut blight caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Juglandis, which is an effect that has rarely been reported. Compared with the control, the addition of 0.2%–0.3% CE to the growth medium notably decreased the cell biomass of HBEU-9 and significantly increased the membrane permeability, soluble proteins and reducing sugars of HBEU-9. SEM and TEM analyses revealed that CE could destroy the cell wall and distort cells and decreased the levels of cell-degrading enzymes (Cx, PG and PMG) by 23.4%, 53.8% and 27.5%, respectively. Importantly, CE retained nearly 80% activity after either storage for 7 months at 4 °C or exposure to 121 °C for 30 min. In addition, the most essential antibacterial compound, macrolactin A, was purified and identified from D2WM cultures through column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC and HPLC-MS. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens D2WM as a biocontrol agent against bacterial diseases and the utility of macrolactin A as an antimicrobial compound.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31600055 and 31671980), Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province (BK20160016). In addition, we would like to thank Pei Zhang, Du An-na and Bichao Xu from The Core Facility and Technical Support, Wuhan Institute of Virology, for their help with producing the TEM and SEM micrographs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China

    Jiamin Chen, Mi Wei, Zhiqiang Zhu, Weixing Liu & Zhilin Zhang

  2. Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China

    Tingli Liu

  3. Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Mi Wei

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  1. Jiamin Chen
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Correspondence to Mi Wei.

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The authors bear all the ethical responsibilities associated with this manuscript. They declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest and that it does not include any animal and/or human trials.

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Chen, J., Liu, T., Wei, M. et al. Macrolactin a is the key antibacterial substance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D2WM against the pathogen Dickeya chrysanthemi. Eur J Plant Pathol 155, 393–404 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01774-3

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