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Interspecific variation of constitutive chemical compounds in Pinus spp. xylem and susceptibility to pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

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Abstract

Pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected in Spain in 2008. This gives rise to serious concern, as the disease has caused severe environmental and economic losses in Portugal and in Asian countries. We studied interspecific variation in susceptibility to pine wilt disease and differences in constitutive chemical compounds in the xylem tissue of the seven pine species -P. canariensis, P. halepensis, P. pinaster, P. pinea, P. sylvestris, P. radiata and P. taeda. Two-year-old trees were inoculated with B. xylophilus. Water potential and nematode densities were measured for each species on specific dates; whereas, wilting symptoms were recorded weekly until the end of the assay. Chemical compounds in the xylem were determined prior to inoculation. Three different resistance groups can be established in terms of the pine species susceptibility to PWN: non- to slightly-susceptible (P. canariensis, P. halepensis, P. taeda and P. pinea), susceptible (P. pinaster and P. radiata), and highly-susceptible (P. sylvestris). Nematodes migrated downward to the roots in all seven species. Constitutive xylem nitrogen, total polyphenols, and marginally phosphorus were negatively correlated with mortality caused by PWN. The most susceptible species, Pinus sylvestris, presented high levels of constitutive lipid-soluble substances and low levels of manganese, pointing to a possible relation between these components and PWN susceptibility. The results suggest P. sylvestris, P. pinaster and P. radiata forests could be severely damaged by PWN in Spain and highlight how constitutive chemical compounds such as nitrogen might play a role in resistance mechanisms against PWN.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ricardo Ferradás, Maribel Juncal, Belén Aramburu and Francis Ignacio for their technical assistance.

Funding

This work has been supported by the research project RTA 2010–00036-C02–01 from the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) and co-funded by FEDER, the Plan de Mejora e Innovación Forestal de Galicia (2010–2020) and INDITEX. This work was also co-financed by the INIA and European Social Fund (via a grant awarded to Dr. E. Jiménez).

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  1. Centro de Investigación Forestal de Lourizán, Ctra. de Marín, km. 4, 36153, Pontevedra, Spain

    María Menéndez-Gutiérrez, Margarita Alonso, Enrique Jiménez, Gabriel Toval & Raquel Díaz

  2. Estación Fitopatolóxica Areeiro, Deputación de Pontevedra, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153, Pontevedra, Spain

    Pedro Mansilla, Adela Abelleira & Andrea Abelleira-Sanmartín

  3. Department of Natural Resources and Environment Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    María Menéndez-Gutiérrez & Raquel Díaz

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Predawn (WPp) and Midday (WPm) water potential (WP) values for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus inoculated and control trees (A: Pinus pinea, C: P. canariensis, H: P. halepensis, P: P. pinaster, R: P. radiata, S: P. sylvestris T: P. taeda.). Control trees are indicated by a lowercase “c”. (DOCX 67222 kb)

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Menéndez-Gutiérrez, M., Alonso, M., Jiménez, E. et al. Interspecific variation of constitutive chemical compounds in Pinus spp. xylem and susceptibility to pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Eur J Plant Pathol 150, 939–953 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1334-2

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