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Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight diseases in cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Ghana by polymerase chain reaction

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Abstract

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) is the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB) disease. CBB is a major constraint to cassava cultivation in Ghana. In this study, a survey was conducted in eight regions of Ghana to assess the presence of CBB disease. Out of the eight regions visited, CBB, though at different prevalence, was observed in five regions. Cassava plants samples showing suspected bacterial blight symptoms were collected for analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The results of the analysis showed that Ashanti region had the highest prevalence in percentage of CBB, which recorded (70%), followed by Volta region (60%); Brong Ahafo region (40%); Eastern region (40%) and Greater Accra region (20%). Morphological examination of the putative pathogen was carried out on Cefazolin trehalose agar (CTA) and Nutrient agar (NA) media. The isolates were subjected to conventional PCR using Xanthomonas genus specific primer, RST2/RST3, Xam specific Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTRs) loci, XaG1_67F/R and X-gumD primers, which produced 840, 446 and 402 bp, respectively. The isolates also tested positive with SYBR Green fluorescent dye, using Real-time PCR. The resulting PCR products were sequenced and analyzed using a BLASTn program, which revealed homology between 93 and 100% with several other Xam strains retrieved from GenBank nucleotide database. The pathogenicity test of the isolates on the susceptible Esam cassava variety produced symptoms typical of Xam and the pathogen was consistently re-isolated from the inoculated cassava plants and thereby satisfying the Koch’s postulates.

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Acknowledgements

Our profound appreciation goes to the staff and Members of Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), Ghana for providing us with technical and staff support. Our gratitude also to Dr. Belane of WAAP-Ghana.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Muntala Abdulai, Hüseyin Basım & Derya Baki

  2. Korkuteli Vocational School, Horticulture Department, Akdeniz University, Korkuteli, Antalya, Turkey

    Esin Basım & Nurhan Öztürk

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  1. Muntala Abdulai
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  2. Hüseyin Basım
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  4. Derya Baki
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Correspondence to Hüseyin Basım.

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Abdulai, M., Basım, H., Basım, E. et al. Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight diseases in cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Ghana by polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Plant Pathol 150, 471–484 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1297-3

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