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Prevalence and molecular diversity of reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus (Nematoda: Rotylenchulinae) in the Mediterranean Basin

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Abstract

The reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus are semi-endoparasites of numerous herbaceous and woody plant roots and distributed in regions with Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of three out of 11 valid species of the genus Rotylenchulus: R. macrodoratus, R. macrosoma, and R. reniformis from Greece (Crete), Italy and Spain. The overall prevalence of reniform nematodes in wild and cultivated olives in Greece, Italy, and Spain was 11.5%, 19.0% and 0.6%, respectively. In Greece, R. macrodoratus and R. macrosoma were detected in cultivated olive with a prevalence of 8.2% and 6.2%, respectively, but none of them were found in wild olive. This is the first report of R. macrosoma in Greece. Only one reniform nematode species was detected in olive from Italy and Spain, viz. R. macrodoratus and R. macrosoma, respectively. The parasitism of R. macrosoma on hazelnut in northern Spain was also confirmed for the first time. This study demonstrates that R. macrodoratus and R. macrosoma have two distinct rRNA gene types in their genomes, specifically the two types of D2-D3 for R. macrosoma and R. macrodoratus, the two types of ITS for R. macrodoratus and the testing of the ITS variability in other R. macrosoma populations in different countries. Rotylenchulus macrosoma from Greece and Spain showed differences in nucleotide sequences in the ITS region and D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grant P12-AGR 1486 from ‘Consejería de Economía, Innvovación y Ciencia’ from Junta de Andalucía, and Union Europea, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo regional, ‘Una manera de hacer Europa’, grant KBBE 219262 ArimNET-ERANET FP7 2012-2015 Project PESTOLIVE ‘Contribution of olive history for the management of soilborne parasites in the Mediterranean basin’ from Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), and AGL-2012-37521 from ‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’ of Spain. I. G. Birmpilis was employed by the ARIMNET-PESTOLIVE project. The authors thank A. Azpilicueta from CAMBRICO BIOTECH for helping in the sampling with R. reniformis, and J. Martín Barbarroja and G. León Ropero from IAS-CSIC for the excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    Juan E. Palomares-Rius, Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Antonio Archidona-Yuste & Pablo Castillo

  2. Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, N.AG.RE.F., Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, 32A Kastorias street, Mesa Katsabas, 71307, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis & Ioannis G. Birmpilis

  3. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), U.O.S. di Bari, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Nicola Vovlas

  4. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832, USA

    Sergei A. Subbotin

  5. Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia

    Sergei A. Subbotin

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  1. Juan E. Palomares-Rius
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  2. Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete
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  3. Antonio Archidona-Yuste
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  5. Ioannis G. Birmpilis
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  6. Nicola Vovlas
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  8. Pablo Castillo
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Correspondence to Juan E. Palomares-Rius.

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All the authors certify that 1) do not have any actual or potential conflict of interest, 2) the study described is original and has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, 3) all prevailing local, national and international regulations and conventions, and normal scientific ethical practices, have been respected. We also certify that all authors have reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version of manuscript before submission.

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No specific permits were required for the described fieldwork studies. Permission for sampling the crop orchards was granted by the landowner. The samples from wild plants were obtained in public areas, forests, and other natural areas studied and do not involve any species endangered or protected in Spain, Italy or Greece. The sites are not protected in any way.

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All the authors certify that the work carried out in this research followed the principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Palomares-Rius, J.E., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Archidona-Yuste, A. et al. Prevalence and molecular diversity of reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus (Nematoda: Rotylenchulinae) in the Mediterranean Basin. Eur J Plant Pathol 150, 439–455 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1292-8

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