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New host range and distribution of Ceratocystis pirilliformis in South Africa

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Abstract

Ceratocystis pirilliformis was first described from wounds on Eucalyptus trees in Australia and subsequently found as a common wound inhabitant on these trees in South Africa. During a recent disease survey carried out to identify Ceratocystis species infecting tree wounds in South Africa, C. pirilliformis was isolated from various tree species, including a native Rapanea species and two non-native hosts, Acacia mearnsii and E. grandis growing in the Western Cape Province. These new collections from the Western Cape Province, together with isolates of C. pirilliformis previously collected from Eucalyptus species in the eastern part of the country, provided the opportunity to investigate the possible movement of the pathogen since it was first recorded in South Africa. The identity of newly collected isolates of C. pirilliformis was confirmed using DNA sequence comparisons using partial β-tubulin and TEF-1α gene regions. Microsatellite markers were screened on a collection of C. pirilliformis isolates from the Western Cape Province. Results showed that this population has higher levels of population genetic estimates such as private allele frequency, allelic richness, and gene diversity. Inoculation tests were performed to determine whether C. pirilliformis is a pathogen of A. mearnsii, which is planted as an important plantation forestry tree in the country. All isolates were shown to be highly virulent. Results of the study consequently revealed that C. pirilliformis has a wider host range and geographic distribution in South Africa than previously recognized and that it is a potentially important pathogen of A. mearnsii.

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Acknowledgments

We thank members the Tree Protection Co-operative Program (TPCP), the National Research Foundation (NRF; Grant Specific Unique Reference Number, 78566, 83924), the THRIP initiative of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and the Department of Trade and Industry (DST)/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, South Africa, for financial support. The Grant holders acknowledge that opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in any publication generated by the NRF supported research are that of the author(s), and that the NRF accepts no liability whatsoever in this regard. Cultures from the Garden Route National Park were kindly made available by Mr. Alain Misse. The authors also thank the owner and viticulturist of the Knorhoek Wine Farm, James van Niekerk, who allowed us to collect samples on his farm.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    D. H. Lee & M. J. Wingfield

  2. Department of Plant Science, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    J. Roux

  3. Department of Genetics, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    B. D. Wingfield & I. Barnes

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  1. D. H. Lee
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Correspondence to D. H. Lee.

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Lee, D.H., Roux, J., Wingfield, B.D. et al. New host range and distribution of Ceratocystis pirilliformis in South Africa. Eur J Plant Pathol 146, 483–496 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0933-7

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