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Molecular and phenotypic characterization revealed six Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose disease of small cardamom in South India

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Abstract

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is extensively cultivated in the Western Ghats of South India either as a monocrop under the forest trees or as an intercrop along with arecanut and coffee plantations. Colletotrichum species responsible for severe outbreaks of anthracnose on small cardamom in South India are reported. Small cardamom anthracnose, popularly known as “Chenthal”, manifests itself on the foliage as yellowish lesions, which later coalesce to form large blighted areas. In advanced stages, the affected leaves dry up giving a burnt appearance to the plant. Twenty-five isolates of Colletotrichum were isolated from leaves of small cardamom in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India. The isolates were characterized through morphological studies and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, TUB2, CYLH3, GS and ApMat gene regions) to test whether different species are present and identified: C. karstii (2 isolates), C. gloeosporioides (1), C. siamense (7), C. syzygicola (6), Colletotrichum sp (5), and C. guajavae (4), as the cause of anthracnose on small cardamom for the first time. Pathogenicity of the six species was confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of Colletotrichum species which cause anthracnose diseases on small cardamom.

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Acknowledgments

We are highly thankful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi for financial support in the form of ALCOCERA, an outreach programme on Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Cercospora diseases of field and horticultural crops.

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  1. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, 560 089, India

    Chabanahalli Somashekar Chethana

  2. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 671124, India

    Pallem Chowdappa

  3. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Cardamom Research Centre, Appangala, 571201, India

    Chakkiyanickal Narayanan Biju, Ravindran Praveena & Annaiah Mukkatira Sujatha

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  1. Chabanahalli Somashekar Chethana
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Correspondence to Pallem Chowdappa.

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Chethana, C.S., Chowdappa, P., Biju, C.N. et al. Molecular and phenotypic characterization revealed six Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose disease of small cardamom in South India. Eur J Plant Pathol 146, 465–481 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0931-9

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