Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Description of Longidorus perangustus sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae), an amphimictic species from Iran

  • Published:
European Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Longidorus perangustus sp. n. recovered in northern Iran is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterized by having an extremely slender and narrow body (a = 207–341), 6.3–8.9 mm long and an anteriorly flattened lip region, separated from the rest of the body by a depression. The odontostyle is 71–96 μm and odontophore is 44–62 μm long, with a simple guiding ring 21–29 μm from the anterior end. The female reproductive system contains sperm, the c and c’ ratio are 138–209 and 1.6–2.6 respectively; the conical tail is 38–51 μm long and dorsally convex, ventrally flattened and with a rounded terminus. Contrary to reports for some other species of the genus, all four juvenile developmental stages are present. Males are functional with spicules (30–39 μm long) as well as 7–12 ventromedial copulatory supplements. The new species resembles six known species of the genus namely L. attenuatus, L. euonymus, L. martini, L. mobae, L. pisi and L. protae by morphological and morphometric characters, but it is most similar to L. euonymus, from which it can be separated by having a narrower body as well as by differences in female tail characters and spicule length. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 fragment revealed the new species forms a clade with four isolates of L. euonymous in both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses with maximal (1.00) Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and ML bootstrap (BS) values. The phylogenetic relation of the new species with the rest species of the genus using partial sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), was not fully resolved because of polytomy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alvarez-Ortega, S., & Pena-Santiago, R. (2012). Nematodes of the order dorylaimida from Andalucía Oriental, Spain. Nevadanema nevadense gen. n., sp. n. (qudsianematidae) from Sierra Nevada national park. Nematology, 14(2), 249–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrássy, I. (2009). Free–living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia) (p. 608). Budapest: Pedozoologica Hungarica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsi, L., & De Luca, F. (2008). Morphological and molecular characterisation of Longidorus pius (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from the Republic of Macedonia. Nematology, 10(1), 63–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q., Hooper, D. J., Loof, P. A. A., & Xu, J. (1997). A revised polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 20(1), 15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, T., Szalanski, A. L., Todd, T. C., & Powers, T. O. (1997). The internal transcribed spacer region of Belonolaimus (Nemata: Belonolaimidae). Journal of Nematology, 29(1), 23–29.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Grisse, A. T. (1969). Redescription ou modifications de quelques techniques utilisées dans l’étude des nematodes phytoparasitaires. Mededelingen Rijksfakulteit Landbouwwetenschappen. Gent, 34, 351–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Luca, F., Reyes, A., Grunder, J., Kunz, P., Agostinelli, A., De Giorgi, C., & Lamberti, F. (2004). Characterization and sequence variation in the rDNA region of six nematode species of the genus Longidorus (Nematoda). Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 147–152.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Luca, F., Landa, B. B., Mifsud, D., Troccoli, A., Vovlas, N., & Castillo, P. (2009). Molecular characterisation of Longidorus kuiperi Brinkman, Loof & Barbez, 1987 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Mediterranean Basin. Nematology, 11(1), 155–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edward, J. C., Mirsa, S. L., & Singh, G. R. (1964). Longidorus pisi n. sp. (Nematoda, Dorylaimoidea) associated with the rhizosphere of Pisum sativum, from Uttar Pradesh, India. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 8, 310–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaderi, R., Kashi, L., & Karegar, A. (2012). The Nematodes of Iran (based on the published reports until 2011 (p. 371). Tehran: Agricultural Education and Extension Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, C., Rius, J. E. P., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Landa, B. B., & Castillo, P. (2011). Prevalence, polyphasic identification and molecular phylogeny of dagger and needle nematodes infesting vineyards in southern Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129(3), 427–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez, C., Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete, C., Montes‐Borrego, M., Palomares‐Rius, J. E., & Castillo, P. (2013). Molecular phylogeny of the nematode genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with description of three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167(4), 473–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halbrendt, J. M., Robbins, R. T., Vrain, T. C., & Brown, D. J. F. (1997). Longidorus, Paralongidorus and Xiphinema species with three juvenile developmental stages. Mededelingen-facultait landbouwkundige en toegepaste biologische wetenschappen, 62, 691–700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handoo, Z. A., Carta, L. K., Skantar, A. M., Ye, W., Robbins, R. T., Subbotin, S. A., Fraedrich, S. W., & Cram, M. M. (2005). Morphological and molecular characterization of Longidorus americanum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), a needle nematode parasitizing pine in Georgia. Journal of Nematology, 37(1), 94–104.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • He, Y., Subbotin, S. A., Rubtsova, T. V., Lamberti, F., Brown, D. J., & Moens, M. (2005). A molecular phylogenetic approach to Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematology, 7(1), 111–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, D. J. (1961). A redescription of Longidorus elongatus (de Man, 1876) Thome & Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimidae) and descriptions of five new species of Longidona from Great Britain. Nematologica, 6(3), 237–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, P. J. F., & Heyns, J. (1987). Eight new and two known species of Longidorus from South Africa (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Phytophylactica, 19(1), 15–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, S., & Subbotin, S. A. (2012). Characterization of Longidorus helveticus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Czech Republic. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 133(4), 923–933.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamberti, F., & Bleve-Zacheo, T. (1977). Two new species of Longidorus (nematoda: Longidoridae) from Italy. Nematologia Mediterranea, 5(1), 73–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamberti, F., Agostinelli, A., & Radicci, V. (1996). Longidorid nematodes from Northern Egypt. Nematologia Mediterranea, 24(2), 307–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larget, B., & Simon, D. L. (1999). Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16, 750–759.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loof, P. A., & Chen, Q. W. (1999). A revised polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Supplement 1. Nematology, 1(1), 55–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loof, P. A. A., & Coomans, A. (1972). The oesophageal gland nuclei of Longidoridae (Dorylaimida). Nematologica, 18(2), 213–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mali, V. R., & Hooper, D. J. (1974). Observations on Longidorus euonymus n. sp. and Xiphinema vuIttenezi Luc et al., 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) associated with spindle trees Infected with euonymus mosaic virus in Czechoslovakia. Nematologica, 19(4), 459–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merny, G. (1966). Nematodes de aerique tropicale: un nouvau Paratylenchus (Criconematidae), Deux nouveaux Longidorus et observations sur Longidorus laevicapitatus Williams, 1959 (Dorylaimidae). Nematologica, 12, 385–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Micoletzky, H. (1922). Die freilebenden Erd-Nematoden. Arch. Naturgesch. Berlin (1921) 87, Abt. A (8/9): 1–650.

  • Niknam, G., Pedram, M., Ghahremani Nejad, E., Ye, W., Robbins, R. T., & Tanha Maafi, Z. (2010). Morphological and molecular characterisation of. Longidorus tabrizicus n. sp. and L. sturhani Rubtsova, Subbotin, Brown & Moens, 2001 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from north-western Iran. Russian Journal of Nematology, 18(2), 127–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunn, G. B. (1992). Nematode molecular evolution. An investigation of evolutionary patterns among nematodes based on DNA sequences. Nottingham: University of Nottingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nylander, J. A. A. (2004). MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.

  • Palomares-Rius, J. E., Landa, B. B., Maafi, Z. T., Hunt, D. J., & Castillo, P. (2010). Comparative morphometrics and ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1983 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Spain and Iran. Nematology, 12(4), 631–640.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedram, M., Niknam, G., Robbins, R. T., Ye, W., & Karegar, A. (2008). Longidorus kheirii n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Iran. Systematic Parasitology, 71(3), 199–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedram, M., Pourjam, E., Palomares-Rius, J. E., Ghaemi, R., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., & Castillo, P. (2012). Molecular and morphological characterisation of Xiphinema granatum n. sp. and Longidorus pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Iran. Nematology, 14(8), 949–960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peneva, V. K., Lazarova, S. S., De Luca, F., & Brown, D. J. (2013). Description of Longidorus cholevae sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) from a riparian habitat in the Rila Mountains, Bulgaria. ZooKeys, 330, 1–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, R. T., Brown, D. J. F., Halbrendt, J. M., & Vrain, T. C. (1995). Compendium of Longidorus juvenile stages with observations on L. pisi, L. taniwha and L. diadecturus (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Systematic Parasitology, 32(1), 33–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roca, F. (1991). The undescribed male of Longidorus euonymus Mali et Hooper (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Southern Italy. Nematologia Mediterranea, 19(1), 129–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist, F., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003). MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19(12), 1572–1574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubtsova, T. V., Subbotin, S. A., Brown, D. J., & Moens, M. (2001). Characterisation of several longidorid species from Western Europe. Russian Journal of Nematology, 9(2), 127–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvestro, D., & Michalak, I. (2011). raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 12(4), 335–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirca, S., & Urek, G. (2009). Morphological and molecular characterization of six Longidorus species (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Slovenia. Russian Journal of Nematology, 17(2), 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturhan, D., & Barooti, S. (1983). Longidorus iranicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Systematic Parasitology, 5(1), 21–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subbotin, S. A., Rogozhin, E. A., & Chizhov, V. N. (2014). Molecular characterisation and diagnostics of some Longidorus species (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Russia and other countries using rRNA genes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 138(2), 377–390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subbotin, S. A., Stanley, J. D., Ploeg, A. T., Maafi, Z. T., Emmanuel, A. T., Chitambar, J. J., Palomares-Rius, J. E., Castillo, P., & Inserra, R. N. (2015). Characterisation of populations of Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1982 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the USA and other countries and incongruence of phylogenies inferred from ITS1 rRNA and coxI genes. Nematology, 17, 459–477.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, G., & Allen, M. W. (1950). Paratylenchus hamatus n. sp, and Xiphinema index n. sp., two nematodes associated with fig roots, with a note on Paratylenchus anceps Cobb. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 17(1), 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzortzakakis, E. A., Archidona-Yuste, A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Nasiou, E., Lazanaki, M. S., Kabourakis, E. M., Palomares-rius, J. E., & Castillo, P. (2014). Integrative diagnosis and molecular phylogeny of dagger and needle nematodes of olives and grapevines in the island of Crete, Greece, with description of Xiphinema cretense n. sp. (Nematoda, Longidoridae). European Journal of Plant Pathology, 140(3), 563–590.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vrain, T. C., Wakarchuk, D. A., Levesque, A. C., & Hamilton, R. I. (1992). Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 15(6), 563–573.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yagita, H. (1975). The life history and biology of the needle nematode, Longidorus martini Merny, 1: morphological measurements and developmental stages. Japanese Journal of Nematology, 5, 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ye, W., Szalanski, A. L., & Robbins, R. T. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation in Longidorus and Xiphinema species (Nematoda: Longidoridae) using ITS1 sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Journal of Nematology, 36(1), 14–19.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The financial supports of Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) and Tarbiat Modares University (Iran) is deeply appreciated. The kind help of Prof. James Baldwin for editing and improving the MS is deeply appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Roshan-Bakhsh, Ebrahim Pourjam & Majid Pedram

Authors
  1. Ali Roshan-Bakhsh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ebrahim Pourjam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Majid Pedram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ebrahim Pourjam.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Roshan-Bakhsh, A., Pourjam, E. & Pedram, M. Description of Longidorus perangustus sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae), an amphimictic species from Iran. Eur J Plant Pathol 144, 581–594 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0796-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0796-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation