Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bipolaris oryzae seed borne inoculum and brown spot epidemics in the subtropical lowland rice-growing region of Brazil

  • Published:
European Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of increasing seed borne incidence levels (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 %) of Bipolaris oryzae on brown spot epidemics and crop performance was studied in eleven field trials. These trials were conducted at two sites (Bagé – BA and Cachoeirinha – CA) in the major rice-growing region of Brazil over three seasons (2008 to 2010). Disease variables assessed over time were disease incidence (INC, %) on leaves prior to flowering, and disease severity (SEV, %) on flag leaves after flowering. Kernel infection (KI, %) by B. oryzae was assessed after harvest. Crop-related variables such as plant population density (PD) and yield (YLD) were also assessed. In only three trials, all in the 2009/10 season, which had well above-normal rainfall in the early season, was the disease found at vegetative stages. In those same trials, a significant effect of seed borne inoculum was found for the area under the disease progress curve of INC and SEV. Overall mean SEV at CA (1.67 %) was higher than at BA (0.22 %). Seed borne inoculum levels did not affect final SEV and KI, which was not correlated between each other. PD was significantly reduced with the increase of seed borne inoculum levels in seven out of eight trials and at levels as high as 48 % (2009/10 season). The seed borne inoculum levels did not affect YLD, although significantly reducing PD, which may be due to the rice having a low population compensated through tillering. The risk of yield loss by sowing B. oryzae-infected seeds seems to be low and the early onset of the disease caused by increased levels of seed borne inoculum was dependent on seasonal weather conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal, P. C., Mortensen, C. N., & Mathur, S. B. (1989). Seed borne diseases and seed health testing of rice. Copenhagen: Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries, and Kew: CAB International Mycological Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, K. F., & Smith, S. H. (1966). Dynamics of seed transmission of plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 4, 311–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnwal, M. K., Kotasthane, A., Magculia, N., Mukherjee, P. K., Savary, S., Sharma, A. K., Singh, H. B., Singh, U. S., Sparks, A. H., Variar, M., & Zaidi, N. (2013). A review on crop losses, epidemiology and disease management of rice brown spot to identify research priorities and knowledge gaps. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136(3), 443–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmona, R. C., Silva, P. R. F., Freitas, T. F. S., Strieder, M. L., & Mariot, C. H. P. (2008). Influência de cultivares, densidades de semeadura e doses de nitrogênio na produção integrada de arroz e peixes. Ciência Rural, 38(3), 811–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colhoun, J. (1983). Measurement of inoculum per seed and its relation to disease expression. Seed Science and Technology, 11, 665–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Counce, P., Keisling, T. C., & Mitchell, A. J. (2000). A uniform, objective, and adaptive system for expressing rice development. Crop Science, 40(2), 436–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dallagnol, L. J., Navarini, L., Balardin, R. S., Gosenheimer, A., & Maffini, A. A. (2006). Dano das doenças foliares na cultura do arroz irrigado e eficiência de controle dos fungicidas. Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 12, 313–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dallagnol, L. J., Rodrigues, F. A., Mielli, M. V. B., Ma, J. F., & Datnoff, L. E. (2009). Defective active silicon uptake affects some components of rice resistance to brown spot. Phytopathology, 99, 116–121.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dallagnol, L. J., Rodrigues, F. A., & Damatta, F. M. (2011). Brown spot of rice is affected by photon irradiance and temperature. Journal of Phytopathology, 159, 630–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dallagnol, L. J., Rodrigues, F. A., & Mielli, M. V. B. (2013). Silicon improves the emergence and sanity of rice seedlings obtained from seeds infected with Bipolaris oryzae. Tropical Plant Pathology, 38, 478–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Farias, C. R. J., Afonso, A. P., Brancao, M. F., & Pierobom, C. R. (2007). Incidência de fungos associados a sementes de arroz em seis regiões produtoras do Rio Grande do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 13, 487–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Farias, C. R. J., Del Ponte, E. M., Corrêa, C. L., Afonso, A. P., & Pierobom, C. R. (2010). Infecção de sementes de trigo com Bipolaris sorokiniana pela técnica de restrição hídrica. Tropical Plant Pathology, 35(4), 253–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farias, C. R. J., Afonso, A. P., Pierobom, C. R., & Del Ponte, E. M. (2011). Regional survey and identification of Bipolaris spp. associated with rice seeds in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 41, 369–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm, A. M. (2011). Interannual climate variability in South America: Impacts on seasonal precipitation, extreme events, and possible effects of climate change. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 25(4), 537–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, F. N. (1992). Brown spot. In R. K. Webster & P. S. Gunnell (Eds.), Compendium of Rice Diseases (pp. 14–17). St Paul: APS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, J., Moura, A. B., Santos, A. S., & Ribeiro, A. S. (2009). Microbiolização de sementes para o controle da mancha-parda e da escaldadura em arroz irrigado. Tropical Plant Pathology, 34(5), 322–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Machado, J. C., & Pozza, E. A. (2005). Razões e procedimentos para o estabelecimento de padrões de tolerância a patógenos em sementes. In L. Zambolim (Ed.), Sementes: Qualidade Fitossanitária (pp. 375–398). Visconde De Rio Branco: Suprema Gráfica e Editora Ltda.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, L. V., Hughes, G., & Van den Bosch, F. (2007). The study of plant disease epidemics. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malavolta, V. M. A., Parisi, J. J. D., Takada, H. M., & Martins, M. (2002). Efeito de diferentes níveis de incidência de Bipolaris oryzae em sementes de arroz sobre aspectos fisiológicos, transmissão do patógeno às plântulas e produção. Summa Phytopathologica, 28, 336–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mariot, C. H. P., da Silva, P. R. F., Menezes, V. G., & Teichmann, L. L. (2003). Resposta de duas cultivares de arroz irrigado à densidade de semeadura e à adubação nitrogenada. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 38(2), 233–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcgee, D. C. (1995). Epidemiological approach to disease management through seed technology. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 33, 445–466.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meneses, P. R., da Farias, C. R. J., Caniela, A. R. A., Schwanck, A. A., Deibler, A. N., Funck, G. D., & Del Ponte, E. M. (2014). Regional and varietal differences in prevalence and incidence levels of Bipolaris species in Brazilian rice seedlots. Tropical Plant Pathology, 39(5), 349–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mew, T. W., & Gonzales, P. (2002). A handbook of rice seed borne fungi. Los Baños: International Rice Research Institute/Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B. C., Hill, J. E., & Roberts, S. R. (1991). Plant population effects on growth and yield in water seeded rice. Agronomy Journal, 83, 291–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ocfemia, G. O. (1924). The Helminthosporium disease of rice occurring in the Southern United States and in the Philippines. American Journal of Botany, 11, 385–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ottoni, G., Oliveira, W. F., Silva, A. L., Albernaz, K. C., Silva, E. G., Cardoso, E., & Guicherit, E. (2000). Avaliação da eficiência de fungicidas para o controle de Bipolaris oryzae em arroz. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 30, 12–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ou, S. H. (1985). Rice diseases. Kew: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmanabhan, S. Y. (1973). The Great Bengal famine. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 11, 11–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Percich, J. A., Nyvall, R. F., Malvick, D. K., & Kohls, C. L. (1997). Interaction of temperature and moisture on infection of wild rice by Bipolaris oryzae in the growth chamber. Plant Disease, 81, 1193–1195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picco, A. M., & Rodolfi, M. (2002). Pyricularia grisea and Bipolaris oryzae: a preliminary study on the occurrence of airborne spores in a rice field. Aerobiologia, 18(2), 163–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu, A. S., & Vieira, N. R. A. (1989). Sementes de arroz infectadas por Drechslera oryzae: germinação, transmissão e controle. Goiânia: Embrapa/CNPAF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu, A. S., Fillipi, M. C. C., & Ribeiro, A. S. (2006). Doenças e seu controle. In A. B. Santos, L. F. Stone, & N. R. A. Vieira (Eds.), A cultura do arroz no Brasil (pp. 561–590). Santo Antônio de Goiás: Embrapa/CNPAF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reunião Técnica da Cultura do Arroz Irrigado. (2010). Arroz irrigado: recomendações técnicas da pesquisa para o Sul do Brasil. Porto Alegre: SOSBAI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, S. J. (1999). Thresholds, standards, tests, transmission and risks. In J. W. Sheppard (Ed.), Proceedings of 3rd ISTA Seed Health Symposium, Ames, Iowa, USA, 16–19 August 1999 (pp. 20–24). Zurich: ISTA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos, A. B., & Costa, J. D. (1995). Comportamento de variedades de arroz de sequeiro em diferentes populações de plantas, com ou sem irrigação suplementar. Scientia Agricola, 52(1), 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, P. G., de Castro, A. P., Soares, A. A., & de Cornélio, V. M. O. (2002). Efeito do espaçamento e densidade de semeadura sobre a produção de arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 26(3), 480–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savary, S., Willocquet, L., Elazegui, F. A., Castilla, N. P., & Teng, P. S. (2000). Rice pest constraints in tropical Asia: Quantification of yield losses due to rice pests in a range of production situations. Plant Disease, 84, 357–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwanck, A. A., & Del Ponte, E. M. (2014). Accuracy and reliability of severity estimates using linear or logarithmic disease diagram sets in true colour or black and white: a study case for rice brown spot. Journal of Phytopathology, 162(10), 162–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa, R. O., Gomes, A. S., Martins, J. F. S., & Peña, Y. A. (1995). Densidade de semeadura e espaçamento entre linhas para arroz irrigado no sistema plantio direto. Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 1(2), 69–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinmetz, S., & Braga, H. J. (2001). Zoneamento de arroz irrigado por épocas de semeadura nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. Revista Brasileira de Agrometeorologia, 9(3), 429–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toledo, J., Rojas, I., & Aparicio, L. (2006). Transmisión y control de Bipolaris oryzae, Gelachia oryzae y Alternaria padwickii em semillas de arroz producidas en Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 31, S132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Nghiep, H., & Gaur, A. (2004). Role of Bipolaris oryzae in producing abnormal seedling of rice (Oryza sativa). Omonrice, 12, 102–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, G., Wilson, L. T., & McLung, A. M. (1998). Contribution of rice tillers to dry matter accumulation and yield. Agronomy Journal, 90(3), 317–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zanão Júnior, L. A., Rodrigues, F. A., Fontes, R. L. F., Korndörfer, G. H., & Neves, J. C. L. (2009). Rice resistance to brown spot mediated by silicon and its interaction with manganese. Journal of Phytopathology, 157, 73–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) in the form of grants provided for project development (Edital CTAGRO 42/2008), a graduate scholarship to the first author and a research fellowship to the senior author. The authors are indebted to Anonymous Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz technicians, Carlos Britto, Daniel dos Santos Grohs, Marcela Santana, Marcelo Giacometti and Matheus Laurent for their technical support during the conducting of the trials.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Emerson M. Del Ponte

    Present address: Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    André A. Schwanck & Emerson M. Del Ponte

  2. Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil

    Priscila R. Meneses & Cândida R. J. Farias

  3. Estação Experimental de Cachoeirinha, Instituto Riograndense do Arroz, 94930030, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil

    Gustavo R. D. Funck

  4. Embrapa Meio Ambiente, 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil

    Aline H. N. Maia

Authors
  1. André A. Schwanck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Priscila R. Meneses
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cândida R. J. Farias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gustavo R. D. Funck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aline H. N. Maia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Emerson M. Del Ponte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emerson M. Del Ponte.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Schwanck, A.A., Meneses, P.R., Farias, C.R.J. et al. Bipolaris oryzae seed borne inoculum and brown spot epidemics in the subtropical lowland rice-growing region of Brazil. Eur J Plant Pathol 142, 875–885 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0659-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0659-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation